To study Khon Sod, its historical development, performance elements, and performing techniques from 2001 to 2002. Research methodology includes documentary review, interviewing six troupe heads and other experts in this field, and observing 16 performances of Sangwan Charoenying troupe. Research finds that Khon Sod began around 1937 under the name Nang Sod in the area of Chonburi province. A group of drunken men imitated the Nang Talung shadow puppet and developed into professional performances. Later, it was called Khon Sod. Today Sangwan Charoenying troupe is the most famous among 6 troupes actively performed today. Performance is a combination of Khon, Nang Talung, Likay and Lakon Chatri. Performers dress in Khon costume, move in Nang Talung style, using Likay comic devices, singing and dancing with Lakon Chatri style. Regular performance starts with rituals for stage construction, paying homage to deities and music prelude. Then the play proper begins. The whole presentation lasts around 4 hours. Sangwan Charoenying troupe performs averagely 60 times a year with 40,000-60,000 baht per performance. New techniques are always introduced to enhance its popularity. Khon Sod should be preserved as a national heritage.
