The purpose of this research was (1) to survey and investigate existing moral cognition concerning self-directed behaviors of pupils, teachers and parents, (2) to study moral cognition concerning self-directed behaviors according to six independent variables: region, residental area, status, sex, religion, and occupation of family, and (3) to study the correlation between moral cognition and evaluation of self-directed behaviors of pupils, teachers and parents. Data were collected from 2,834 subjects including pupils in Pathomsuksa 6, Mathayom 3, Matbayomsuksa 5, teachers and parents from the five regions of Thailand i.e. Bangkok, Central, Northern, Southern and Northeasthern by multi-stage sampling. The research instruments were questionaires for biographical data and the Moral Cognition Scale: Self-Directed Behaviors. The procedures of data analysis were the one-way analysis of variance and the multiple comparison by Scheffe's method. Findings: 1. The self-directed behaviors according to the subjects' moral cognition which were rated as very good and proper were diligent, self-discipline, vigilance, health-care, setting standards for oneself, self-adjustment, self-pride, restraint in desire, self-exploration, and self-confidence, altogether 10 behaviors. The self-directed behavior according to the subjects' moral cognition which was rated as very bad and improper was vice addiction. Body-decoration and the inability to control emotions were behaviors on which no agreement on right and wrong could be reached. 2. The six independent variables significantly affected moral cognition concerning self-directed behaviors of subjects ( p <. 05 and beyond). The variables which showed a highest degree of significance were status, region and residental area respectively, and the variable which was least significant was religion, as outlined below: 2.1 There was a significant difference in moral cognition concerning self-directed behaviors for 16 behaviors, among subjects from Bangkok, the Central, Northern, Southern and Northeasthern regions (p<.05 and beyond). 2.2 There was a significant difference in moral cognition concerning self-directed behaviors for 15 behaviors, among subjects from the Inner Bangkok, the suburbs, from the Amphoe Muang and Amphoe in the rural areas (p<.05 and beyond). 2.3 There was a significant difference in moral cognition concerning self-directed behaviors for 19 behaviors, among Pathomsuksa 6 pupils, Mathayom 3 pupils, Mathayomsuksa 5 pupils, teachers and parents (p<.05 and beyond). 2. 4 There was a significant difference in moral cognition concerning self-directed behaviors for 10 behaviors, between male and female subjects (p<.05 and beyond). 2.5 There was a significant difference in moral cognition concerning self-directed behaviors for one behavior, among Buddhist, Islam and Christian (p<.01). 2.6 There was a significant difference in moral cognition concerning self-directed behaviors for 14 behaviors, among subjects from families who were in the civil service, business, workers or employees (p<.05 and beyond). 3. The difference in moral cognition concerning self-directed behaviors of subjects according to the six independent variables were only quantitative differences; however they had the same direction. 4. As for the seven types of consequences of one's own behaviors, all subjects perceived them as highly desirable according the following order: success in life and occupation, security in life and property, good effects to the society, happiness, esteem and praise by others, self-esteem and wealthy. 5. Moral cognition of pupils, teachers and parents was highly correlated to evaluation of behaviors. The rank-order correlation coefficient was 0.94.
