ความย้อนแย้งแห่งเสรีภาพในนวนิยายเรื่อง ความฝันในหอแดง และนวนิยายของมั่วเหยียน / นัยน์พัศ อธิษฐ์พัส = The paradox of freedom in the Dream of the Red Chamber and Mo Yan’s novels / Naiyapat Athipat
The objectives of this research are to analyze the concept of freedom which appears in the novel entitled The Dream of the Red Chamber and the seven novels by Mo Yan, namely: Red Sorghum, The Garlic Ballads, Big Breasts & Wide Hips, Red Forest, Sandalwood Death, Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out, and Frog; and to study the social and cultural contexts related to the concept of freedom in the novels.The research has found that the paradox of freedom is derived from the diversity of freedom and different flows in each era. The novel The Dream of the Red Chamber presents the freedom of the society in absolute monarchy such as freedom of occupation, freedom of education, freedom of association and freedom of marriage, etc. and the “five relationships” ideology are the relationship of ruler to ruled, father to son, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, friend to friend. Relationship bondage not only creates the paradox of freedom but is also the cause of claims for freedom.As for Mo Yan’s novels, they present freedom in socialist context based on the principle of equality according to law, such as freedom in earning a living, freedom of marriage, freedom of one’s life and body, and equality rights, etc. However, the influence of the “five relationships” ideology and the capitalist system is firmly embedded in the society. And this is the factor that keeps the Chinese still follow their old way of life. Failure to accept changes in the framework of freedom and the attempt to struggle and negotiate generates the paradox of freedom
