Human karyotype and the structure of DNA -- DNA repair and therapy of cancer -- DNA replication -- Clinical tests based on DNA or RNA -- Basic genetics for biochemistry -- Transcription and RNA processing -- Protein synthesis and posttranslational protein processing -- Cell cycle and cancer -- Structure of proteins and protein aggregates in degenerative diseases -- Enzymes and consequences of enzyme deficiencies -- Biological membranes -- Collagen, collagenopathies, and diseases of mineralization -- Pathologic alterations of the extracellular matrix that involve fibrillin, elastin, or proteoglycans -- Heme metabolism, porphyrias, and hyperbilirubinemia -- Iron metabolism: iron-deficiency anemia and iron overload -- Erythropoiesis, hemoglobin function, and the CBC -- Hemoglobinopathies -- Carbohydrate transport, carbohydrate malabsorption, and lactose intolerance -- Glycolysis and its regulation by hormones and hypoxia -- Fructose and galactose metabolism: hereditary fructose intolerance and galactosemia -- Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative stress, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency -- Citric acid cycle and thiamine deficiency -- Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial diseases -- Glycogen metabolism and glycogen storage diseases -- Gluconeogenesis and fasting hypoglycemia -- Insulin and counterregulatory hormones -- Fatty acids, ketone bodies, and ketoacidosis -- Triglycerides and hypertriglyceridemia -- Cholesterol metabolism and hypercholesterolemia -- Metabolism of ethanol and the consequences of alcohol dependence syndrome -- Steroid hormones and vitamin D -- Eicosanoids -- Signaling -- Digestion of dietary protein and net synthesis of protein in the body -- Protein degradation, amino acid metabolism, and nitrogen balance -- One-carbon metabolism, folate deficiency, and cobalamin deficiency -- Pyrimidine nucleotides and chemotherapy -- Gout and other diseases related to the metabolism of purine nucleotides -- Diabetes

1. Biochemistry
2. Biochemical Phenomena
3. Biochemistry