Author | Borgens, Richard Ben. author |
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Title | Restoring Function to the Injured Human Spinal Cord [electronic resource] / by Richard Ben Borgens |
Imprint | Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003 |
Connect to | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59361-1 |
Descript | XVI, 161 p. 61 illus., 30 illus. in color. online resource |
1 A Brief Primer on Spinal Cord Injury -- 1.1 Epidemiology -- 2 The Behavioral Catastrophe is Rooted in Injury to White Matter -- 2.1 The Ground Plan of the Spinal Cord -- 2.2 Characteristics of SCI -- 3 The Scar As a Barrier To Regeneration -- 3.1 Inhibitory Molecules -- 3.2 Other Cells Important to SCI -- 4 Treating the Acute and Chronic Injury: Historical Perspective -- 5 Concerning Behavioral Models for Spinal Cord Injury in Animals -- 5.1 When Walking is Not Walking -- 5.2 Injuring the Cord and Probing its Anatomy -- 6 Axonal Regeneration -- 6.1 Collateral Sprouting -- 6.2 A Neurons Journey: Integrating Guidance Cues -- 7 Treatment Possibilities of the New Biology -- 7.1 Restoration -- 7.2 Repair -- 7.3 Regeneration -- 8 Biologically Produced Electrical Fields: Physiology Spoken Here -- 8.1 Concerning Naturally Produced DC Voltage Gradients -- 8.2 The Skin Battery and Electric Embryos -- 9 Endogenous Voltages and the Reaction of the Neuron to Injury -- 10 The Responses of Isolated Nerve Fibers in Culture to Applied DC Voltages -- 10.1 Historical Perspective -- 10.2 Galvanotaxis: Rules and Trends -- 10.3 Extracellular Voltages and the Choices Neurons Make -- 11 Enhancing Spinal Cord Regeneration in situ with Applied Electric Fields -- 11.1 The Control of Regeneration of Nerve Fibers in the Fish Spinal Cord by Applied Electric Fields -- 11.2 The Anatomy of Regeneration of Spinal Cord Nerve Fibers in the Laboratory Rat and Guinea Pig -- 11.3 Guiding Spinal Cord Axons into Rubber Tubes with Applied Voltages -- 11.4 Anatomical Responses to Applied Voltages by Non-Neuronal Cells Important To Spinal Cord Injury: The Macrophage -- 12 Recovery of the CTM Reflex in Spinal Injured Guinea Pigs after Exposure To Applied Extracellular Voltages -- 13 From a Laboratory Tool To a Clinical Application -- 14 Naturally Occurring Spinal Injury in the Dog as a Model for Man -- 14.1 Clinical Trials of OFS in the Paraplegic Dog -- 14.2 Recovery of Function in Paraplegic Dogs -- 14.3 Combined Results of Both Clinical Trials of OFS -- 15 Sealing the Breach in Cell Membranes with Hydrophilic Polymers -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Spinal Cord Fusion: Proof of Concept -- 15.3 Repairing a Crush Injury with PEG -- 16 Recovery of Behavioral and Physiological Function in vivo -- 16.1 Polymer Injection Into the Blood Supply -- 16.2 Safety of Intravenous Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) -- 17 PEG Application in Clinical Cases of Canine Paraplegia -- 17.1 The Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers -- 18 Conclusion -- References