1 Scientific Background -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Bone as a Material -- 1.3 Fractures in the Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Skeleton -- 1.4 Indications for Operative Treatment of Fractures -- 1.5 Operative Reduction and Internal Fixation -- 1.6 Design and Function of Implants and Instruments -- 1.7 Set Configurations -- 1.8 External Fixation Devices -- References and Suggested Reading -- 2 Anatomic Approaches -- 3 Mandibular Fractures -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Treatment Planning -- 3.3 Cost Effectiveness -- 3.4 Adequate Stability -- 3.5 Mistakes in Application and Technique -- 3.6 Failures -- 3.7 Indications for Osteosynthesis -- 3.8 Indications for Perioperative Antibiotic Cover -- 3.9 General Remarks -- 3.10 Localization and Types of Fracture -- 3.11 Fractures of the Symphysis and the Parasymphyseal Area -- 3.12 Fractures of the Horizontal Ramus -- 3.13 Fractures of the Mandibular Angle -- 3.14 Condylar and Subcondylar Fractures -- 3.15 Fractures of the Atrophic Mandible -- 3.16 Infected Fractures -- 3.17 Defect Fractures -- 3.18 Mandibular Fractures in Children -- References and Suggested Reading -- 4 Craniofacial Fractures -- 4.1 Organization of Treatment in Panfacial Fractures -- References and Suggested Reading -- 4.2 Le Fort I-III Fractures -- References and Suggested Reading -- 4.3 Naso-Orbital-Ethmoid Fractures -- References and Suggested Reading -- 4.4 Zygomatic Complex Fractures -- References and Suggested Reading -- 4.5 Orbital Fractures -- References and Suggested Reading -- 4.6 Cranial Vault -- References and Suggested Reading -- 5 Reconstructive Tumor Surgery in the Mandible -- 5.1 Diagnosis -- 5.2 Patient Selection -- 5.3 Description of Procedures -- 5.4 Complications -- 5.5 Technical Errors -- References and Suggested Reading -- 6 Stable Internal Fixation of Osteotomies of the Facial Skeleton -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Treatment Planning for Internal Fixation of Osteotomies -- 6.3 Surgical Procedures -- 6.4 Evaluation of Outcomes -- 6.5 Complications -- 6.6 Summary -- References and Suggested Reading -- 7 Craniofacial Deformities -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Incisions for Craniofacial Reconstruction and Patient Positioning -- 7.3 Craniosynostosis -- 7.4 Planning and Reconstruction -- 7.5 Surgical Technique: Anterior Cranial Expansion and Reconstruction -- 7.6 Posterior Cranial Expansion -- 7.7 Complete or Subtotal Calvarial Expansion -- 7.8 Hypertelorism -- 7.9 Monoblock Osteotomies -- 7.10 Orbital Dystopia -- 7.11 Craniofacial (Hemifacial) Microsomia -- 7.12 The Treacher Collins Malformation -- 7.13 Encephaloceles -- 7.14 Bone Lengthening by Continuous Distraction -- References and Suggested Reading