Title | Comparative Aspects of Reproductive Failure [electronic resource] : An International Conference at Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, N.H.โJuly 25-29, 1966 / edited by Kurt Benirschke |
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Imprint | Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1967 |
Connect to | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48949-5 |
Descript | XXI, 485 p. online resource |
to Comparative Reproduction -- Seasonality of reproduction -- The egg -- Implantation and placentation -- The neonate -- Comparative values -- The Overall Problem in Man -- Pathogenesis of abortion -- Defective segmenting ova -- Ova consisting of trophoblast only -- Ova containing no chorionic cavity -- Ova showing hypoplasia of trophoblast -- Superficial implantation of an otherwise reasonably normal ovum -- Spontaneous abortion -- Ovular factors -- Pathologic ova -- Embryos with localized anomalies -- Placental abnormalities -- Maternal factors -- Criminal abortion -- Uterine abnormalities -- Febrile and inflammatory diseases -- Miscellaneous -- Anatomically normal ova -- Reproductive Failure in Domestic Mammals -- Failure in ovarian functions -- Anestrus -- Seasonal anestrus -- Anestrus during lactation -- Anestrus due to aging -- Ovarian hypoplasia -- Abnormal estrus -- โQuiet ovulationโ -- Cystic ovaries -- Nymphomania -- Fertilization failure and atypical fertilization -- Fertilization failure -- Aged and abnormal ova -- Aged and abnormal sperm -- Atypical fertilization -- Prenatal mortality -- Physiological mechanismsimplantation -- Endocrine factors -- Causes of prenatal mortality -- Age of dam -- Nutrition of dam -- Heredity -- Overcrowding in utero -- Thermal stress -- Semen quality -- Other pregnancy disorders -- Spontaneous abortion -- Metabolic disorders of pregnancy -- Immunological incompatibility -- Fetal mummification -- Retained placenta -- Perinatal mortality -- Neonatal mortality -- Environmental stress and reproductive failure -- Climatic stress -- Nutritional stress -- Plant estrogens -- Anatomical stress and hereditary defects -- Congenital and acquired defects -- Hereditary defects -- Intersexuality -- Freemartinism -- Physiological mechanisms of the syndrome -- Hormonal theory -- Sex-chromosome mosaicism theory -- Diagnosis of freemartinism -- True hermaphrodites -- Comparative aspects -- Pseudohermaphroditism -- Male pseudohermaphrodite -- Female pseudohermaphrodite -- Pathogens and reproductive failure -- Bacterial infections -- Future investigations -- Cytogenetics of Abortions -- Materials and method -- Results -- Discussion -- Summary -- Genetic and Biochemical Aspects of Reproductive Failure -- Inborn errors of metabolism -- Homozygous lethals in man -- The development of enzyme systems -- Embryogenesis and organogenesis -- Chemo-Mechanics of Implantation -- Historical remarks on implantation -- Muscular stageโtransport, spacing -- Adhesive stage -- Invasive stage -- Interactions of maternal and embryonic factors -- Summary -- Comparative Aspects of Steroid Hormones in Reproduction -- Possible roles for the steroid hormones in control of gestation -- Implantation -- Pituitary inhibition -- Maintenance of decidua and the endometrial implantation site -- Myometrial tone and contractility -- Length of gestation -- Mammary function -- Metabolic effects -- Summary on the role of steroid hormones in gestation -- The role of the corpus luteum in pregnancy -- Steroid endocrine role of the placenta -- Progesterone -- Estrogens -- Estrogen synthesis by the placenta -- Steroid biosynthesis by the human placentaโThe feto-placental unit -- Relationship of steroid hormones to pregnancy failures -- Summary -- Protein Hormones and Gestation -- Human chorionic gonadotrophin -- History -- Biologic effects -- Rate of excretion by biologic assays -- Rate of excretion by immunologic assays -- Natural role of HCG in pregnancy -- Human placental lactogen -- History -- Biologic effects -- Luteotrophic effect -- Somatotrophic effect -- Assay and quantitation -- Extrapituitary gestational gonadotrophins in other mammals -- Prolonged Gestation -- Abnormally long gestation in cattle -- Genetic factors -- Pituitary-adrenal factors -- Abnormally long gestation in sheep -- Experimental prolonged gestation -- Fetal pituitary destruction -- Fetal adrenalectomy -- Conclusions -- OรถgenesisโOvulation and Egg Transport -- Oรถgenesis -- Origin of primordial germ cells -- Commencement of meiosis -- Development of follicular cells -- Ovulation -- Hormone interaction -- Increase in follicular cells -- Antrum formation -- Displacement of egg -- Increase of follicular size -- Theca cell changes -- Consideration of pressure changes within follicle -- Egg transport -- Anatomy of fallopian tube -- Mechanism of movement of egg into the fallopian tube -- Mechanism of transport of egg through the fallopian tube -- Hormonal regulation of tubal activity -- Experimental Hybridization -- Rabbit ร hare hybrid experiments -- Ferret ร mink hybrid experiments -- Goat ร sheep hybrid experiments -- Embryo transfer -- Analysis of possible causes of intrauterine death of hybrids -- Chromosomes of hybrids -- Hormonal and immunological interactions -- Summary -- Sterility and Fertility of Interspecific Mammalian Hybrids -- Equine chromosome morphology -- Karyotypes of major members of equidae -- Equine hybrids -- Bear chromosomes and hybrids -- Chromosomes of American and Asiatic Camelidae -- Normal structure -- Hybrids -- Canine chromosomes and hybrids -- Cervidae and hybrids -- Other interspecific hybrids -- Conclusions -- Summary -- The Sterility of Two Rare Equine Hybrids -- Material and methods -- Results -- Histology of the testis -- Chromosome studies -- Steroid determinations in testicular tissue -- Discussion -- Developmental Malformations as Manifestations of Reproductive Failure -- The placental membrane plays a complex role in the etiology of mammalian malformations -- Mumps virus -- Rat virus -- Herpes simplex virus -- H-1 virus -- There is a specific Teratogen: organ response -- Synteratogens and proteratogens -- Malformations and Defects of Genetic Origin in Domestic Animals -- The skeleton -- Entire skeleton -- The head -- The axial skeleton -- The appendicular skeleton -- The integument -- Digestive tract -- Reproduction -- Others -- Discussion -- Summary -- Bacterial Infertility in Domestic Animals -- Brucellosis -- Vibriosis -- Leptospirosis -- Listeriosis -- Summary -- Fetal Infections in Man -- Pathogenesis of fetal infections -- Clinical implications -- Correlative studies of placentitis -- Closing comments and hypothesis -- Toxoplasmosis -- Microbe -- Infection -- Acute toxoplasmosis -- Subacute toxoplasmosis -- Chronic toxoplasmosis -- Relapse -- Comparative clinical aspects -- Epidemiologic studies -- Diagnosis -- Fetal toxoplasmosis as sequel to acute infection of the mother -- Toxoplasmosis transmitted during chronic maternal infection -- Habitual abortions and embryopathies -- Sterility -- Prevention of toxoplasmosis -- Chemotherapy of toxoplasmosis -- Summary -- Mycotic Diseases in Mammalian Reproduction -- Mycosis of the uterus, placenta and fetus -- Fungus infections in cattle -- Fungus infections in horses -- Fungus infections in dogs -- Candidiasis, cryptococcosis and coccidioidomycosis in man -- Pathology of bovine and equine mycotic infection -- Pathogenesis -- Mycosis of the male reproductive system -- Conclusions -- Comparative Aspects of Reproductive Failure Induced in Mammals by Viruses -- Rubella virus infections of man -- Cytomegalovirus infection of man -- Equine virus abortion -- Equine infectious anemia (Swamp fever) -- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (Rednose) -- Bovine viral diarrhea virus -- Hog cholera (Swine fever) -- Blue tongue -- Scrapie (Visna) -- Summary -- A Model for Virus Induced Reproductive Failure: Theory, Observations and Speculations -- Virus induced cerebellar ataxia -- Summary -- Round Table Discussion on Placental Pathology -- The number of vessels in the umbilical cord -- Gestational pathology and maternal diabetes mellitus -- Experimental viral infection of the placenta -- The lobular architecture of the human and rhesus placenta -- Degeneration of overcrowded placentae -- A uterine-amniotic pathway of infecting the rabbit fetus with Listeria monocytogenes -- Ontogenesis of the Immune Response -- Techniques of intrauterine fetal surgery -- Immunization and skin grafting of the fetus -- Thymectomy of the fetus in utero -- Permanent indwelling catheterization of the fetus in utero -- The timing of immunogenesis in the developing animal -- Antibody formation -- Homograft rejection -- Fetal lymphoid development -- Significance of immunologic immaturity -- The consequences of active immune responses by the fetus -- Beneficial consequences of active fetal immunity -- Antibody formation and hypersensitivity -- Homograft rejection -- Deleterious consequences of active fetal immunity -- Summary -- Immunological Interactions between Mother and Fetus -- Preimplantation immunological phenomena -- Implantation -- Kole of placenta -- Barrier function -- Transplantation antigens -- Trophoblast and its functions -- Fibrin layer of placenta -- Passage of cells -- Deportation of trophoblast -- Antigenicity of fetus -- Maternal immunological reactivity -- Specific immunological interactions between mother and fetus -- Hemolytic disease -- Leucoagglutinins -- Platelet antibodies -- Borrowed immunity -- Graft vs. host reaction -- Protein polymorphism -- Common antigens of placenta -- Choriocarcinoma -- Immunologic unreactivity -- Malformations produced by antibodies -- Conclusions -- Reproduction at High Altitudes -- Oxygen transfer from mother to fetus -- Physiologic condition at sea level -- Safety features -- Adjustments at high altitude -- Possible reproductive failure at high altitude -- In animals -- In man -- Historical aspects -- Congenital defects -- Summary -- Fertility and Reproductive Performance of Grouped Male Mice -- Materials and methods -- Crowding experiment I: Effects on reproductive performance -- Crowding experiment II: Effects on adrenals, reproductive organs and electroejaculation test -- Electroejaculation test -- Statistical analysis of data -- Results -- Crowding experiment I: Effects on reproduction -- Mortality and fertility -- Ovulations per