Author	Bonnick, Sydney Lou. author
Title	Bone Densitometry for Technologists [electronic resource] / by Sydney Lou Bonnick, Lori Ann Lewis
Imprint	Totowa, NJ : Humana Press : Imprint: Humana Press, 2002
Connect to	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-123-7
Descript	XVIII, 323 p. online resource

With the rapid proliferation of highly sensitive bone densitometry devices since 1995, the level of skill required to operate them and interpret their results has risen sharply and now often exceeds the formal training of many operators. In Bone Densitometry for Technologists, leading densitometry experts Sydney Lou Bonnick, MD, FACP, and Lori Ann Lewis, MRT, CDT, set out to correct this deficiency by reviewing in simple language the essentials of densitometry and its day-to-day practice. Written specifically for radiologic technologists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and dedicated densitometry technologists, this book provides all of the practical knowledge needed to expertly operate any of today's sophisticated densitometry machines. Topics range from technical descriptions of all FDA-approved densitometry devices to a clinical review of osteoporosis, and include comprehensive tutorials on computer basics, anatomy for densitometrists, the art of interpreting test results, and performing successful precision studies-all crafted to meet the daily needs of the practicing densitometrist. Additional chapters complete the technologist's skill-set with discussions of mechanical maintenance, radiation safety, and the terminology and conventions used in the profession. Comprehensive, informative, and highly practical, Bone Densitometry for Technologists emphasizes the role of densitometry and technologists in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. It provides a sound basis for a complete understanding of the often esoteric technical manuals supplied by manufacturers, and goes far beyond that understanding to permit expert operation of any approved densitometry device

1: An Introduction to Conventions in Densitometry -- Densitometry as a Quantitative Measurement Technique -- The Skeleton in Densitometry -- What Do the Machines Actually Measure? -- The Densitometry Printout -- References -- 2: Densitometry Techniques -- Plain Radiography in the Assessment of Bone Density -- Qualitative Morphometry -- Quantitative Morphometric Techniques -- Radiographic Photodensitometry -- Radiographic Absorptiometry -- Photon Absorptiometry Techniques -- Quantitative Ultrasound Bone Densitometry -- References -- 3: Skeletal Anatomy in Densitometry -- The Spine in Densitometry -- The Proximal Femur in Densitometry -- The Forearm in Densitometry -- The Metacarpals, Phalanges, and Calcaneus -- References -- 4: Densitometry Devices Approved by the Food and Drug Administration -- Computer-Enhanced Radiogrammetry -- Computer-Enhanced Radiographic Absorptiometry -- Central X-ray Densitometers -- Peripheral X-ray Densitometers -- Ultrasound Bone Densitometers -- 5: Computer Basics -- Types of Computers -- Desktops, Towers, Minitowers, and Laptops -- PCs and Macs -- Major Components of a Computer System -- Important Components Inside the Computer Housing -- Input Devices -- Output Devices -- Computer Ports -- Types of Storage Media -- Protecting the Data -- Computer Maintenance -- 6: Precision in Bone Densitometry -- Performing a Precision Study -- Determination of Least Significant Change -- When Should a Measurement Be Repeated in Clinical Practice? -- Which Skeletal Site Should Be Used to Monitor Changesin Bone Density? -- Is the Measured Change the Actual Change in BMD? -- Case Study in Precision -- Importance of Precision -- References -- 7: Radiation Safety in X-Ray Densitometry -- Basics of Radiation -- Harmful Effects of Ionizing Radiation -- Radiation Doses in Densitometry -- Radiation Protection Programs -- References -- 8: Quality Control Procedures -- Phantoms -- Using the Phantom to Create Control Tables and Charts -- Methods for Tracking Machine Performance -- Automated Quality Control Procedures -- References -- 9: An Overview of Osteoporosis -- Definition of Osteoporosis -- Prevalence of Osteoporosis -- Consequences of Osteoporosis -- Risk Factors for Osteoporosis -- The National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for Bone Mass Measurements -- The 1997 Bone Mass Measurement Act -- The National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for Treatment Based on BMD Testing -- Interventions in Osteoporosis -- Patient Education Materials -- References -- 10: Interpretation of Bone Densitometry Data -- The Results -- Conflicting Diagnoses from Measurement of Multiple Sites -- Report Review -- References -- Appendix I: Contacts for Bone Densitometry Manufacturers and Organizations of Interest -- Appendix II: World Health Organization Criteria for the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis Based on Measurement of Bone Density -- Appendix III: National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for Bone Density Measurements -- Appendix IV: Bone Mass Measurement Act of 1997 -- Appendix V: CPT Codes for Bone Densitometry -- Appendix VI: DXA PA Spine Labeling Guidelines -- Appendix VII: Conversion Formulas -- Appendix VIII: Recommended Procedures for Short-Term Precision Studies -- Appendix IX: Least Significant Change -- Appendix X: Quality Control Shewhart Rules -- Appendix XI: Glossary of Computer Terms -- Appendix XII: Review Questions -- Appendix XIII: Review Question Answer Sheet and Instructions for Obtaining Continuing Education Credit