Author | Horowitz, Alfred L. author |
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Title | MRI Physics for Physicians [electronic resource] / by Alfred L. Horowitz |
Imprint | New York, NY : Springer US, 1989 |
Connect to | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0333-6 |
Descript | XI, 113 p. online resource |
1 Overview -- 2 Magnetic Field -- Fields -- Basic Types of Magnets -- Permanent Magnet -- Superconducting Magnet -- Vectors -- Paramagentic, Diamagentic, Ferromagnetic -- Angular Momentum-Nuclear Spin -- Magnetic Dipole Moment -- Resultant BO Vector -- Precession and the Larmor Equation -- 3 Radiofrequency Pulse -- Electromagnetic Waves -- Periodic Functions -- Axis Conventions -- Perturbance of the B0 Vector -- Rotating Frame of Reference -- Resonance -- B0 vs. the Component MDM Vectors -- The Signal and the B1 Vector -- Controlling the Flip of B0 -- Motion of B0 in the X-Y Plane -- 4 Relaxation -- T1 and T2 Components of Relaxation -- T1 Curves -- 5 Pulse Cycles, Pulse Sequences, and Tissue Contrast -- TR and TE -- T1 and T2 Weighting -- Balanced (Spin Density) Scans -- 6 T2 and the Spin-Echo Pulse Cycle -- Graph of MR Signal-Free Induction Decay (FID) -- Envelopes of the Signal -- T2* -- Concept of Phase -- Phase and the MR Signal -- De-Phasing and the MR Signal -- Re-Phasing the MR Signalโ180ยฐ Refocusing Pulse -- The Spin Echo Pulse Cycle -- The True T2 Curve -- T2 Curves for Different Tissues for Long TRโS -- T1 and T2 Constants -- T2 Curves for Different Tissues for Short TRโs -- 7 Some Other Pulse Cycles -- Saturation Recovery and Partial Saturation -- Inversion Recovery -- Fast Scans -- Pulse Cycle Summary -- 8 Gradients -- 9 The Slice Select Gradient -- Changing Slice Thickness -- 10 Frequency Gradient -- The Pixel Grid -- Sine Functions for Each Pixel -- Application of Frequency Gradient -- 11 The Fourier Transform -- The Spectrum -- The Fourier Series -- Fourier Transform of Pixel Grid -- Rotating GradientsโOne Alternative -- 12 The Phase Encoding Gradient -- Degrees of Phase Shift per Row -- Phase Shift in Sine Functions -- Multiple Repetitions to Form the Image -- Phase Encoding Repetitions and the Pixel Grid -- Phase Encoding Repetitions and the MDM Vectors -- The 2-D Fourier Transform -- 13 Miscellaneous Topics -- The Gradients in Perspective -- Imaging in Other Planes -- The Multislice Technique -- Averages, Excitations -- Exam Time -- 14 Coils -- Receiver, Transmitter Coils -- Gradient Coils -- Shim Coils -- Conclusion -- Appendix: The Mathematics of MRI