1. Host Microbicidal Actions of the Innate Immune Response -- 2. Activation of the Innate Immune Response in Critical Illness -- 3. Down-Regulation of the Immune Response -- 4. Mechanisms of Pharmacologic Immune Suppression -- 5. Modulation of the Immune Response in Critical Illness/Injury -- 6. Immune Monitoring and Strategies for Immune Modulation -- 7. Central Venous Catheter Related Infections: The Role of Antimicrobial Catheters -- 8. Discrimination of True Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in the Mechanically Ventilated Patient -- 9. Detection of Urinary Tract Infection in the Catheterized ICU Patient -- 10. Antimicrobial Choices and Dosing Strategies to Maximize Efficacy and Minimize the Development of Bacterial Resistance