One: Normal Things -- An Initial View of the EKG -- Definitions of Q, R, S, T, and U Waves -- Calculating the Heart Rate and Other EKG Events -- How to Approach an EKG -- Electrical Activity of Myocardial Cells -- How Single Cell Events Generate the EKG -- Events During Depolarization and Repolarization -- Influence of Direction of Positive Voltage on the Recorded Signal -- Lead Systems: Limb Leads -- Plotting the Frontal Plane Axes: The Method of Semicircles or Hemispheres -- Normal Ranges: Frontal Plane Axes -- Lead Systems: Precordial Leads -- Plotting the Horizontal Plane Axes: Their Normal Ranges -- The Cube Vector System Leads -- The Pathway of Ventricular Depolarization -- Two: Hypertrophy, Strain, Ischemia, and Injury -- The Normal P Vector or Axis, and Atrial Enlargement -- Intracellular EKG Changes with Strain, Ischemia, Hypertrophy, and Infarction -- Ventricular Hypertrophy and Atrophy -- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH) -- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) -- Three: Intraventricular Conduction Defects -- Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) -- Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) -- The Hemiblocks -- Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome -- The Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome -- Electrical Alternans and Aberrant Intra-Ventricular Conduction -- Four: The Infarcts -- Myocardial Infarction -- Ischemia, Injury, and EKG Evolution Following Infarction -- Anteroseptal Myocardial Infarction -- Apical or Lateral Myocardial Infarction -- Inferior or Diaphragmatic Myocardial Infarction -- Posterior Myocardial Infarction -- Infarction and Bundle Branch Blocks -- Pericarditis and/or Effusion -- Five: Extrasystoles -- Normal Sinus Rhythm and Its Variations (NSR) -- Sinus Bradycardia -- Sinus Arrhythmia -- The Paradoxical Pulse -- Wandering Atrial Pacemaker -- Sinus Tachycardia -- Sinus Standstill or SA Block -- Extrasystoles: General Aspects -- Atrial Extrasystoles -- AV Nodal (Junctional) Extrasystoles -- Ventricular (Purkinje Cell) Extrasystoles -- Treatment of Extrasystoles -- Ventricular Extrasystoles due to Automaticity or Re-Entry -- Six: The Ectopic Arrhythmias -- Analysis of Ectopic Tachycardias -- Vagal Maneuvers -- Atrial Tachycardia -- Junctional Rhythm or Tachycardia -- Atrial Flutter -- Atrial Fibrillation -- Treatment of Atrial, Fibrillation -- AV Dissociation by Interference (Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm) -- Ventricular Tachycardia -- Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia -- Ventricular Fibrillation -- Seven: Conduction Disturbances -- Disturbances of AV Conduction -- First Degree AV Block -- Second Degree AV Block and the Wenckebach Phenomenon -- Mobitz Types 1 and 2 Second Degree AV Block -- Third Degree or Complete AV Block -- Stokes-Adams Episodes -- Eight: Pulmonary Disease and Pediatric Tracings -- Pulmonary Disease -- Pediatric Tracings -- Nine: Drugs, Electrolytes, Pacemakers, and Technical Errors -- Digitalis -- Pacemakers -- Technical Errors -- Primary Secondary and Nonspecific T Wave Changes -- T Wave Changes due to Digitalis -- Electrolyte Changes -- Conclusion -- References

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