Author	Kandel, Edward I. author
Title	Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery [electronic resource] / by Edward I. Kandel
Imprint	Boston, MA : Springer US, 1989
Connect to	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0703-7
Descript	724p. online resource

Soon after neurosurgery had advanced past the stage of that older neurosurgeons will consider their craยญ removing lesions on the surface of the brain, it became niotomies quite adequate for the relief of many neuยญ apparent that subcortical diseased tissue could not be rological disorders that Professor Kandel shows so excised safely by the usual surgical techniques because clearly to be amenable to stereotactic intervention, of the risk of damaging overlying normal structures. there are many lesions that undoubtedly can be reached Various means of reaching deep-seated lesions were more easily and with less risk to life and limb by sterยญ devised, most of which attempted to approach the eotactic than by open procedures. pathological tissue through "silent areas" of the brain. This book is not just a description of operative However, these operations often resulted in serious procedures, although it does give clear accounts of neurological deficits. Spiegel and Wycis's modificaยญ surgical techniques. It presents the postoperative histoยญ tion of the Horsley-Clarke apparatus to reach targets ries of patients who have been cured or markedly reยญ deep in the human brain introduced a new approach to lieved of longstanding afflictions; these persons have subcortical surgery. True, as Professor Edward Kandel been followed for 10 to 15 or more years, so that the relates, Russian surgeons had pioneered in the field, results may be considered more or less permanent

Foreword -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- 1 Anatomy of Subcortical Structures Related to Stereotaxy -- 1. Extrapyramidal System -- 2. Limbic System -- 3. Cerebellum -- 4. Pain Structures and Pain-Conducting Pathways of the CNS -- 2 Extrapyramidal Mechanisms -- 1. General Remarks -- 2. Tremor -- 3. Rigidity -- 4. Spasticity -- 5. Akinesia -- 3 Stereotactic Method -- 1. Historical Note -- 2. General Principles -- 3. Individual Variability -- 4. Stereotactic Atlases -- 5. Stereotactic Instruments -- 6. Computer Techniques -- 7. Stereotaxis and Computerized Tomography -- 8. Stereotaxis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- 9. Stereotaxis and Digital Subtraction Angiography -- 10. Combined Visualization Techniques -- 11. Stereotaxis and Ultrasound -- 4 Principles of Stereotactic Operations on Subcortical Structures 1 -- 1. General Considerations -- 2. Anesthesia -- 3. Location of the Burr Hole -- 4. Visualization of the Ventricular System -- 5. Stereotactic Coordinates -- 7. Functional Control -- 5 The Production of Lesions in Stereotactic Operations -- 1. General Principles -- 2. Local Freezing -- 3. Electrical Methods -- 4. Radioactive Isotopes -- 5. Laser Techniques -- 6. Remote Control Methods -- 7. Chemical Methods -- 8. Mechanical Methods -- 6 Parkinsonism -- 1. Historical Note -- 2. Epidemiology -- 3. Mortality -- 4. Etiology -- 5. Pathological Anatomy -- 6. Pathogenesis -- 7. Clinical Picture -- 8. Indications and Contraindications for Surgery -- 9. Surgery -- 10. Stereotactic Surgery -- 11. Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Complications -- 12. Personal Observations -- 13. Concluding Remarks -- 7 Dystonia Musculorum Deformans -- 1. Historical Note -- 2. Etiology -- 3. Pathology -- 4. Pathogenesis -- 5. Clinical Investigation -- 6. Biochemical Pathogenesis -- 7. Clinical Aspects -- 8. Indications and Contraindications for Surgical Treatment -- 9. Surgical Treatment -- 10. Stereotactic Operations -- 11. Personal Observations -- 8 Spasmodic Torticollis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Etiology -- 3. Pathology -- 4. Pathogenesis -- 5. Clinical Picture -- 6. Stages of the Disorder -- 7. Other Manifestations of ST -- 8. Differential Diagnosis -- 9. Surgical Treatment -- 10. Personal Observations -- 11. Summary -- 9 Cerebral Palsy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Etiology -- 3. Pathology and Pathogenesis -- 4. Clinical Aspects -- 5. Surgical Treatment -- 6. Personal Observations -- 10 Hemihyperkinesias -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Etiology and Pathogenesis -- 3. Clinical Features -- 4. Stereotactic Surgery -- 5. Personal Observations -- 11 Multiple Sclerosis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Surgical Treatment -- 3. Personal Observations -- 12 Hereditary Degenerative Disorders -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hepatocerebral Dystrophy (Wilsonโ{128}{153}s Disease) -- 3. Huntingtonโ{128}{153}s Chorea -- 4. Essential Tremor -- 5. Huntโ{128}{153}s Cerebellar Dyssynergia -- 6. Myoclonus and Myoclonus Epilepsy -- 13 Pain -- 1. General Remarks -- 2. Gate Control Theory -- 3. Antinociceptive System -- 4. Pathogenesis of Chronic Pain -- 5. Surgical Management of Pain -- 6. Central Pain Syndromes -- 6.2. Phantom Pain Syndrome -- 6.3. Causalgia -- 7. Trigeminal Neuralgia -- 8. Neuralgia of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve -- 9. Convulsive Tic -- 10. Occipital Neuralgia -- 11. Migrainous Neuralgia -- 12. Hemifacial Spasm -- 14 Epilepsy -- 1. General Remarks -- 2. Etiology -- 3. Pathogenesis -- 4. Epileptogenic Focus -- 5. Diagnostic Procedures -- 6. Surgical Treatment -- 15 Brain Tumors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Stereotactic Biopsy -- 3. Stereotactic Biopsy with Computed Tomography -- 4. Stereotactic Destruction -- 5. Pituitary Tumors -- 6. Stereotactic Destruction of the Normal Hypophysis -- 16 Cerebral Arterial Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Malformations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Arterial Aneurysms -- 3. Arteriovenous Malformations -- 4. Stereotactic Clipping of Aneurysms -- 17 Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematomas -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Improved Technique -- 3. Experimental Tests -- 4. Preoperative Calculations -- 5. Operative Technique -- 6. Clinical Results -- 7. Summary -- 18 Mental Disorders -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Stereotactic and Functional Operations -- 3. Surgical Treatment of Mental Disorders -- 19 Spinal Cord Disorders -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spasticity -- 3. Bladder Dysfunctions -- 4. Phrenic Nerve Stimulation -- 20 Additional Possibilities of Stereotactic Neurosurgery -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ventriculoscopy -- 3. Removal of Foreign Bodies -- 4. Obstructive Hydrocephalus -- 5. Reconstruction of the Sylvian Aqueduct -- 6. Relief of Nystagmus -- 7 Treatment of Obesity -- 8. Relief of Writerโ{128}{153}s Cramp -- 9. Treatment of Raynaudโ{128}{153}s Disease -- 10. Relief of Erythromelalgia -- Epilogue -- References