1 Principles of ultrasonography -- Characteristics of Ultrasound -- Display Modes -- Practical Aspects of Sonolaparotomy -- 2 Ophthalmic anatomy -- Anatomy -- 3 Sonoanatomy -- Normal Pupil -- 4 Ultrasonic patient history -- Symptoms -- Decreased Vision in the Elderlsy -- Acute Visual Loss -- Floaters -- Pain -- Eye Examination -- 5 Oculosonotomography -- Patient Preparation -- Axial Length Measurement -- Sonofluoroscopy of the Globe and Orbit -- Sensitivity Setting for Tissue Characteristics -- Dynamic Study -- Compression Technique -- Examination of the Traumatized Eye -- Three-Dimensional Build-Up -- Identification System -- Marking of the Polaroid Pictures -- 6 Sonography of the injured eye -- General Introduction -- Sonography of the Injured Eye -- Intraocular Foreign Body -- Sonography of Foreign Bodies -- Associated Damage from Foreign Body -- Pre-Phthisis Bulbi -- 7 Sonography of the lens -- General Introduction -- Cataract -- 8 Sonography of the vitreous -- Vitreous Alterations with Aging -- Vitreous Detachment -- Vitreous Adhesions -- Vitreous Hemorrhage -- Sonography in Vitrectomy -- Asteroid Hyalosis -- 9 Sonography of the retina and choroid -- General Introduction -- Retinal Detachment -- Choroidal Detachments -- Staphyloma -- Coloboma -- Pseudostaphyloma -- Macula -- Scleral Buckle -- 10 Sonography of the optic nerve -- General Introduction -- Papilledema -- Drusen -- Glaucoma -- 11 Sonography of the orbit -- General Introduction -- Orbital Landmarks -- Recti Muscles -- Exophthalmos -- Pseudoproptosis -- 12 Sonography of ophthalmic tumors -- General Introduction -- Clinical Presentation -- Sonopathology of Ophthalmic Tumors -- Tumors of the Retina -- Retinoblastoma -- Tumors of the Choroid -- Tumors of the Optic Nerve -- Orbital Tumors -- Adnexal Tumors -- 13 Sonography of the eye in systemic disease -- Inflammatory Disorders -- Hereditary Metabolic Disorders -- Nutritional Eye Disease -- Endocrine Diseases -- Thyroid Disorders -- Hyperthyroidism Graveโs Disease -- Diabetes Mellitus -- Hypertension -- Gastroenterological Diseases -- Hematologic Disorders -- 14 Artifacts -- Light Artifact -- Reflection Artifact -- Shutter Artifact -- Camera Artifact -- Reverberation Artifact -- Lens Artifact -- Coupling Artifact -- Interference Artifact -- Sonic Shadow Sign Artifact

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