1 Selective Venous Sampling for the Differential Diagnosis of Female Hyperandrogenemia -- Diagnostic Procedures -- Indications -- Anatomy and Anatomical Variations -- Catheterization -- Endocrinologic Results -- Clinical Results -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Selective Venous Sampling for Adrenal Hormone Excess -- Adrenal Glands -- Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex -- Diseases of the Adrenal Medulla -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Selective Simultaneous Bilateral Sampling from the Inferior Petrosal Sinuses -- Diagnostic Workup -- Diagnostic Problems -- Indications for Inferior Petrosal Sinus (IPS) Sampling -- Anatomy -- Catheterization -- Endocrinologic Background for IPS Catheterization -- Patients and Method -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Pancreatic Venous Sampling -- Population of Pancreatic Endocrine Cells -- Distribution of Hormone-Producing Islet Cells -- The APUD Concept -- Tumors of the Endocrine Pancreas -- Localization of Islet Cell Tumors -- Ultrasound -- Computed Tomography -- Arteriography -- Intraoperative Ultrasound -- Venous Sampling -- Interpretation of Hormone Data -- Complications of the Procedure -- Clinical and Surgical Considerations -- Islet Cell Tumor Embolization -- Authorโ{128}{153}s Experience in Hyperinsulinism -- References -- 5 Pathophysiology and Detection of Renovascular Hypertensionโ{128}{148}Combination of Renal Vein Renin Sampling and Digital Subtraction Angiography -- Normal Renin Metabolism -- Renin in Pathologic States -- Detection of Renovascular Hypertension -- Radiographic Studies -- Causes of Failure to Identify Renovascular Hypertension by RVR -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Selective Venous Sampling for Parathyroid Hormone Excess -- Clinical Features -- Anatomy/Physiology -- Diagnostic Procedures -- Treatment -- References -- 7 Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Endocrine Diseases -- Adrenal and Ovarian Hormones -- Pituitary Hormones -- Pancreatic Hormones -- Parathyroid Hormone -- Renal Hormones -- References