I Fundamentals of Cell Encapsulation -- 1. Encapsulation and Immoblization Techniques -- 2. Mass Transfer in Immobilized Cell Systems -- 3. Polymer Membranes for Cell Encapsulation -- 4. Biocompatible Encapsulation Materials: Fundamentals and Application -- 5. Modulation of Membrane Permeability -- 6. Biocompatibility Issues -- II Encapsulation Systems Section 1 Microencapsulation -- 7. Calcium Alginate -- 8. Immunoprotection of Islets of Langerhans by Microencapsulation in Barium Alginate Beads -- 9. Agarose -- 10. Poly (ethylene glycol) -- 11. Long-Term Survival of Poly-L-Lysine-Alginate Microencapsulated Islet Xenografts in Spontaneously Diabetic NOD Mice -- 12. Alginate/Poly-L-Ornithine Microcapsules for Pancreatic Islet Cell Immunoprotection Giuseppe -- 13. Chitosan -- 14. Polyacrylates -- Section 2 Macroencapsulation -- 15. Diffusion Chambers -- 16. Vascular Devices -- 17. Macrocapsules Based on Ultrafiltration and Diffusion -- III Applications of Encapsulated Cell Systems Section 1 Primary Cells -- 18. Artificial Pancreas -- 19. Microencapsulated Islets in Type I Diabetics: Clinical Experience -- 20. Transplantation of Microencapsulated Parathyroid Tissue: Clinical Background, Methods, and Current Status of Research -- 21. Bioartificial Livers -- 22. Renal Replacement Devices: The Development of the Bioartificial Kidney -- 23. Encapsulation of Mammalian Embryos -- 24. Encapsulated Plant Cells: Techniques and Applications -- Section 2 Genetically Engineered Cells -- 25. Implantable Microcapsules for Gene Therapy for Hemophilia -- 26. Microencapsulation: A Novel Gene Therapy for Lysosomal Storage Diseases -- 27. Growth Hormone Gene Therapy Using Encapsulated Myoblasts -- 28. Transplantation of Encapsulated Cells into the Central Nervous System -- 29. Removal of Urea in Uremia and Ammonia in Liver Failure with Emphasis on the Use of Artificial Cells for Encapsulation of Genetically Engineered Cells -- Section 3 Bioreactor Culture -- 30. Principles of Bioreactor Design for Encapsulated Cells -- 31. Culture of Anchorage-Dependent Cells