Title | Evaluation of Cancer Screening [electronic resource] / edited by Jocelyn Chamberlain, Sue Moss |
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Imprint | London : Springer London, 1996 |
Connect to | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3044-4 |
Descript | XI, 192p. online resource |
1. General Principles of Cancer Screening -- Consideration of a Potential Screening Test -- Evaluating the Performance of a Test -- Evaluating the Effectiveness of Screening -- Mathematical Models of Screening -- Selection of High-Risk Groups for Screening -- Promotion of Early Diagnosis -- Ethical Issues -- Genetic Issues -- References -- 2. Screening for Cancer of the Cervix -- Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer -- The Natural History of Cervical Cancer -- The โPapโ Test -- Evidence for the Effectiveness of Screening -- The Effectiveness of Screening in the UK -- The Treatment of Screen-Detected Lesions -- Cost-Effectiveness of Cervical Screening -- Frequency of Cervical Screening -- Quality Control Issues -- Sensitivity of Screening -- Potential for Automation -- Alternative Tests -- Screening in Developing Countries -- The Role of HPV in Cervical Cancer -- References -- 3. Screening for Cancer of the Breast -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Treatment, Survival and Prognosis of Breast Cancer -- Predisposing Factors -- The Rationale for Screening -- Screening Tests for Breast Cancer -- Effectiveness of Screening in Reducing Mortality -- Effectiveness of Screening Younger Women -- Effectiveness of Breast Self-Examination -- Disadvantages and Costs of Breast Screening -- Conclusions -- References -- 4. Screening for Colorectal Cancer -- Time Trend -- Geographical Variation -- Aetiology and Primary Prevention -- High-Risk Groups for Colorectal Cancer -- Natural History -- Prognosis of Colorectal Carcinomas -- Overall Survival -- The Rationale for Screening -- Screening Methods -- The Acceptability of Screening -- The Effectiveness of Screening -- Disadvantages and Costs -- Conclusions -- References -- 5. Early Detection of Malignant Melanoma of the Skin -- Natural History -- The Screening Test for Malignant Melanoma -- Options for Screening -- Health Education to Promote Self-Screening -- Organised Professional Screening -- Other Aspects of Screening -- Conclusions -- References -- 6. Screening for Ovarian Cancer -- General Requirements -- Candidate Tests: Evidence from Observational Studies -- Tumour Markers -- Improving Performance -- Intervention Studies -- Conclusions -- References -- 7. Screening for Prostate Cancer -- Time Trends and International Differences in Incidence -- Aetiology -- Staging -- Survival -- Natural History -- Determinants of Prognosis -- Screening Tests for Prostate Cancer -- Prevalence of Prostate Cancer at Screening -- Acceptability of Screening -- The Effect of Screening on Prostate Cancer Mortality -- The Potential Disadvantages of Screening for Prostate Cancer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8. Screening for Cancers of other Sites: Lung, Stomach, Oral and Neuroblastoma -- Lung Cancer -- Stomach -- Neuroblastoma -- Oral Cancer -- References -- 9. Psychological Aspects of Cancer Screening -- Research Methodology -- Psychological Effects of Invitation to Screening -- Psychological Effects of a Positive Screening Test -- Psychological Effects in Patients with Screen-Detected Cancer -- Reducing Distress โ Improving Attendance -- Reduction in the Distress Caused by Recall -- Staff Stress -- Self-Screening . -- Selective Screening -- Conclusions and Further Research Needs -- References -- 10. Economic Aspects of Cancer Screening -- The Need for Economic Appraisal -- Methods for Economic Evaluation -- Economic Appraisal of Cancer Screening Programmes -- Some Empirical Findings of Economic Evaluations of Ca -- Screening -- Conclusions -- References