Embryonic Development of Collateral Arteries -- Structural Remodeling during Growth of Collateral Vessels -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Physical Forces and their Translation into Molecular Mechanisms -- Role of Hypoxia/lschemia/VEGF-A, and Strain Differences -- Monocytes and Cytokines -- Bone Marrow-Derived Cells -- Cell - Cell and Cell - Matrix Interactions -- Fibroblast Growth Factors -- Signal Transduction Pathways in Smooth Muscle Cells -- Expression Profiling of Growing Collateral Arteries/Hunting for New Genes -- Theory of Arteriogenesis -- Effects of Physical Activity -- Cerebral Arteriogenesis -- The Coronary Collateral Circulation in Man -- Function of the Coronary Collateral Circulation in Man -- Collateral Circulation in Clinical Practice -- Arteriogenesis and Atherosclerosis: Strange Bedfellows