One. Introduction: On the Absence of Geometry from Morphometrics -- First Part. The Measurement of Biological Shape -- Two. Shapes and Measures of Shape -- Three. Critique of an Applied Field: Conventional Cephalometrics -- Four. New Statistical Methods for Shape -- Second Part. The Measurement of Shape Change Using Biorthogonal Grids -- Five. The Study of Shape Transformation after Dโ{128}{153}Arcy Thompson -- Six. The Method of Biorthogonal Grids -- Seven. Examples of Biorthogonal Analysis -- Eight. Future Directions for Transformation Analysis -- Nine. Envoi -- Literature Cited