Author | DeAngelis, Donald L. author |
---|---|
Title | Positive Feedback in Natural Systems [electronic resource] / by Donald L. DeAngelis, Wilfred M. Post, Curtis C. Travis |
Imprint | Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986 |
Connect to | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82625-2 |
Descript | XII, 290 p. online resource |
1. Introduction -- 1.1 Homeostasis -- 1.2 Positive Feedback -- 1.3 Ecological Systems with Positive Feedback -- 1.4 Generalization 1: Increasing Complexity -- 1.5 Generalization 2: Accelerating Change -- 1.6 Generalization 3: Threshold Effects -- 1.7 Generalization 4: Fragility of Complex Systems -- 1.8 Summary and Conclusions -- 2. The Mathematics of Positive Feedback -- 2.1 Graphical Analysis of a Simple Dynamic Positive Feedback System -- 2.2 A System of Two Mutualists -- 2.3 A System of Two Competitors -- 2.4 Mathematical Analysis of Positive Feedback -- 2.5 Summary and Conclusions -- 3. Physical Systems -- 3.1 The Life History of a Star -- 3.2 Geophysical Systems -- 3.3 Autocatalysis in Chemical Systems -- 3.4 Summary and Conclusions -- 4. Evolutionary Processes -- 4.1 Early Evolution of Life -- 4.2 Evolution at the Species Level -- 4.3 Coevolution -- 4.4 Summary and Conclusions -- 5. Organisms Physiology and Behaviour -- 5.1 Destructive Positive Feedback -- 5.2 Biochemical Processes in Cells and Organisms -- 5.3 Feeding and Drinking Behavior -- 5.4 Sleep -- 5.5 Movement and Motor-Sensory Relationships -- 5.6 Mind-Body Relationship -- 5.7 Summary and Conclusions -- 6. Resource Utilization by Organisms -- 6.1 Energy Allocation Tactics -- 6.2 Territorial Defense Strategies -- 6.3 Chemical Defense Strategies -- 6.4 Growth Rate Strategy -- 6.5 Summary and Conclusions -- 7. Social Behavior -- 7.1 Evolution of r- and K-strategies -- 7.2 Development of Social Strategies -- 7.3 Mating and Reproduction -- 7.4 Population Models Incorporating Sexual Reproduction -- 7.5 Small Group Dynamics -- 7.6 Castes In Insect Societies -- 7.7 Dominance Within Groups -- 7.8 Models of Group Formation and Size -- 7.9 The Schooling of Fish -- 7.10 Social Interactions and Game Theory -- 7.11 Summary and Conclusions -- 8. Mutualistic and Competitive Systems -- 8.1 Dynamics of Mutualistic Communities -- 8.2 Limits to Mutual Benefaction -- 8.3 Multi-Species Mutualism -- 8.4 Models of the Evolution of Mutualism -- 8.5 Isolation and Obligate Mutualism -- 8.6 Limited Competition -- 8.7 Summary and Conclusions -- 9. Age-Structured Populations -- 9.1 Age Structure -- 9.2 Leslie Matrices -- 9.3 Compensatory Leslie Matrices -- 9.4 Interacting Populations -- 9.5 Coexistence of Two Interacting Populations -- 9.6 Other Compensatory Models -- 9.7 Life-History Strategies -- 9.8 Intrinsic Rate of Increase -- 9.9 Reproductive Strategies -- 9.10 Summary and Conclusions -- 10. Spatially Heterogeneous Systems: Islands and Patchy Regions -- 10.1 Classical Theory of Island Biogeography -- 10.2 Island Clusters -- 10.3 Insular Reserves -- 10.4 Modeling the Patchy System -- 10.5 A Single Species in a Patchy Region -- 10.6 Time to Extinction on a Patch -- 10.7 Persistence of a Species in a Two-Patch Environment -- 10.8 Stability of a Single-Species, Two-Patch System -- 10.9 Persistence of a Species in an N-Patch Environment -- 10.10 Multi-Species, Multi-patch Systems with Competition and Mutalism -- 10.11 Persistence of a Species in a Two-Species, Two-Patch Environment -- 10.12 Persistence of a Species in an L-Species, iV-Patch Environment -- 10.13 Stability of a Two-Species, Two-Patch Model -- 10.14 Stability of an L-Species, iV-Patch Model -- 10.15 Relationship Between Reserve Design and Species Persistence -- 10.16 Summary and Conclusions -- 11. Spatially Heterogeneous Ecosystems: Pattern Formation -- 11.1 Spontaneous Emergence of Spatial Patterns -- 11.2 Diffusion Model -- 11.3 Pattern Formation Through Instability -- 11.4 Congregation of Colonial Organisms -- 11.5 Boundary Formation by Competition -- 11.6 Summary and Conclusions -- 12. Disease and Pest Outbreaks -- 12.1 Physiological Effects in the Host Species -- 12.2 Mutualistic Interactions of more than one Pathogenic Agent -- 12.3 Models of a Directly Communicated Disease or Parasite -- 12.4 Effects of Spatial Heterogeneity on Disease Outbreak Threshold Conditions -- 12.5 Design of Immunization Programs -- 12.6 Shape of the Contagion Rate Function -- 12.7 Comparison with other Spatially Heterogeneous Models -- 12.8 Host-Vector Models -- 12.9 Summary and Conclusions -- 13. The Ecosystem and Succession -- 13.1 The Ecosystem -- 13.2 Succession as a Positive Feedback Process -- 13.3 A Clementsian Model -- 13.4 Markov Chain Models -- 13.5 A Model of a Fire-Dependent System -- 13.6 Positive Feedback Loops in Ecosystems -- 13.7 Nutrient Cycling -- 13.8 Selection on the Community or Ecosystem Level -- 13.9 Summary and Conclusions -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Positive Linear Systems -- Appendix B: Stability of Positive Feedback Systems -- Appendix C: Stability of Discrete-Time Systems -- Appendix D: Positive Equilibria and Stability -- Appendix E: Comparative Statics of Positive Feedback Systems -- Appendix F: Similarity Transforms -- Appendix G: Bounds on the Roots of a Positive Linear System -- Appendix H: Relationship Between Positive Linear System Stability Criteria and the Routh-Hurwitz Criteria -- References -- Author Index