The "world" is becoming more and more intractable. We have learned to discern "systems" in it, we have developed a highly sophisticated mathยญ ematical apparatus to "model'" them, large computer simulation programs handle thousands of equations with zillions of parameters. But how adeยญ quate are these efforts? Part One of this volume is a discussion containing some proposals for eliminating the constraints we encounter when approaching complex systems with our models: Is it possible, at all, to design a political or economยญ ic system without considering killing, torture, and oppression? Can we adequately model the present state of affairs while ignoring their often symbolic and paradoxical nature? Is it possible to explain teleological concepts such as "means" and "ends" in terms of basically 17th century Newtonian mechanics? Can we really make appropriate use of the vast aยญ mount of systems concepts without exploring their relations, without deยญ veloping a "system of systems concepts"? And why do more than 95% of all system modelling efforts end in just a heap of printed paper, and nothing else? Leading scientists from different disciplines, who have different viewpoints and use very different styles in presenting their message were invited to present their approaches to these and to other problems of equal importance: Either as Plenary Lectures at the Seventh European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research at the University of Vienna, Austria, (Professors Stafford Beer, Helga Nowotny, and Robert Rosen (Ross Ashby Memorial Lecture)) or as Invited Lectures to the Austrian Society
CONTENT
One -- Recursions of Power -- Not Quite Human: Science and Utopia -- The Physics of Complexity -- Knowing Natural Systems Enables Better Design of Man-Made Systems: The Linkage Proposition Model -- Guidelines for Influencing Social Policy through Strategic Computer Simulation Models -- Reducing International Tension and Improving Mutual Understanding through Artificial Intelligence: 3 Potential Approaches -- Two -- Steps in the Construction of โOthersโ and โRealityโ: A Study of Self-Regulation -- Steps to a Cybernetics of Autonomy -- Second Order Cybernetics in the Soviet Union and the West -- Methods for Making Social Organizations Adaptive -- Discussion: Guiding Questions and Conceptual Structures in Cybernetics and General Systems Theory: Comparative Studies -- Biographies of Contributors -- Name Index
