Author | Zeisel, Hans. author |
---|---|
Title | Prove It with Figures [electronic resource] : Empirical Methods in Law and Litigation / by Hans Zeisel, David Kaye |
Imprint | New York, NY : Springer New York : Imprint: Springer, 1997 |
Connect to | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1824-1 |
Descript | XXIII, 353 p. online resource |
1 The Search for Causes: An Overview -- 2 The Controlled Randomized Experiment -- 2.1 A nearly perfect experiment -- 2.2 Eliminating bias in selecting subjects -- 2.3 Limits to experimentation -- 2.4 The half-a-loaf experiment -- 2.5 Simulation -- 2.6 Limits to extrapolation -- Critical questions -- 3 Inferring Causes from Observational Studies -- 3.1 Diphtheria antitoxin -- 3.2 The Connecticut crackdown on speeders -- 3.3 Capital punishment in Florida -- 3.4 Polio vaccines -- 3.5 Police intervention and domestic violence -- 3.6 No-fault divorce -- 3.7 Statistical โcontrolโ for known confounders -- 3.8 Summary -- Critical questions -- 4 Epidemiologic Studies -- 4.1 Types of studies -- 4.2 Agent Orange -- 4.3 Breast implants -- 4.4 Tobacco smoke -- 4.5 Asbestos -- 4.6 Bendectin -- 4.7 Electromagnetic fields -- 4.8 Summary -- 5 Summing Up: Replication and Triangulation -- 5.1 Estimating socially significant numbers -- 5.2 Triangulations in the census -- 5.3 Unanimity and hung juries -- 5.4 Opposition to the death penalty and -- the propensity to vote guilty -- 5.5 Sentence variation from judge to judge -- 6 Coincidence and Significance -- 6.1 P-values -- 6.2 Significance -- 6.3 Power -- 6.4 One-tailed and two-tailed tests -- 6.5 Multiple testing -- 6.6 Interval estimates -- 6.7 Other hypotheses -- 6.8 Posterior probabilities -- Critical questions -- 7 Sampling -- 7.1 The road to the acceptance of sampling -- 7.2 The miracle of sampling -- 7.3 Some sources of bias -- 7.4 Drawing a probability sample -- 7.5 Sample size -- 7.6 The danger of mail surveys: nonresponse bias -- 7.7 Quota samples -- 7.8 Convenience samples -- 7.9 Summary -- Critical questions -- 8 Content Analysis -- 8.1 A study of the House Un-American -- Activities Committee -- 8.2 Pretrial publicity -- 8.3 The Federalist Papers -- 9 Surveys and Change of Venue -- 9.1 History of survey acceptance -- 9.2 Change of venue law -- 9.3 Mitsubishi in Silicon Valley -- 9.4 The Pontiac prison cases -- 9.5 Civil litigation -- 9.6 The limits of voir dire -- 10 Trademark Surveys: Genericness -- 10.1 The Thermos surveys -- 10.2 The Teflon surveys -- 10.3 Variations of the Teflon survey -- 11 Trademark Surveys: Confusion -- 11.1 Realism -- 11.2 How close a look? -- 11.3 Who puts out this design? -- 11.4 Altering the specimen -- 11.5 Controlling for โtop of mindโ responses -- 11.6 Anticipating market entry -- 11.7 Addressing the relevant issue -- 11.8 Depressors and aggrandizers -- 11.9 Summary -- 12 The Jury: Composition and Selection -- 12.1 Jury size -- 12.2 Selecting the jury venire -- 12.3 Selecting from the venire -- 12.4 Juror selection surveys -- 13 DNA Profiling: Probabilities and Proof -- 13.1 VNTR profiling -- 13.2 Match windows -- 13.3 Match probabilities and the basic product rule -- 13.4 Objections to the basic product rule -- 13.5 Ceiling frequencies -- 13.6 Uniqueness -- 13.7 Random match probabilities and prejudice -- 13.8 Beyond matching and binning -- Notes -- List of Cases