The Reception of the Lvov-Warsaw School -- I. History and Comparisons -- Twardowskiโ{128}{153}s Distinction Between Actions and Products -- On Ajdukiewiczโ{128}{153}s Empirical Meaning-Rule and Wittgensteinโ{128}{153}s Defining Criterion -- Inspirations and Controversies: From the Letters between K. Twardowski and A. Meinong -- The Lvov-Warsaw School โ{128}{148} the First School of Non-positivist Scientific and Analytic Philosophy -- Womenโ{128}{153}s Contributions to the Achievements of the Lvov-Warsaw School: a Survey -- Truth-Bearers from Twardowski to Tarski -- Twardowski and Husserl on Wholes and Parts -- The Rationalistic Paradigm of Franz Brentano and Kazimierz Twardowski -- ?ukasiewiczโ{128}{153}s Interpretation of Aristotleโ{128}{153}s Concept of Possibility -- II. Le?niewski -- De Veritate: Another Chapter. The Bolzano-Le?niewski Connection -- Le?niewskiโ{128}{153}s Conception of Logic -- Non-elementary Exegesis of Twardowskiโ{128}{153}s Theory of Presentation -- On Some Essential Subsystems of Les?iewskiโ{128}{153}s Ontology and the Equivalence between the Singular Barbara and the Law of Leibniz in Ontology -- III. Philosophy of Language -- The Paradox of Grelling and Nelson Presented as a Veridical Observation Concerning Naming -- D?mbska, Quine and the So-called Empty Names -- Truth and Time -- The Postulate of Precision: Its Sense and Its Limits -- Polish Logic, Language and Philosophy of Language -- IV. Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics -- The Ajdukiewicz Calculus, Polish Notation and Hilbert-style Proofs -- Ja?kowski and Gentzen Approaches to Natural Deduction and Related Systems -- The Contribution of Polish Logicians to Recursion Theory -- Studying Incompleteness of Information: A Class of Information Logics -- V. Ontology, Epistemology, Philosophy of Science -- On ?ukasiewiczโ{128}{153}s Theory of Probability -- On What There Is Not โ{128}{148} a Vindication of Reism -- On the Concept of a Subject of Cognition in Ajdukiewiczโ{128}{153}s Philosophy -- Induction and Probability in the Lvov-Warsaw School -- ?ukasiewiczโ{128}{153}s Logical Probability and a Puzzle about Conditionalization -- VI. Logic and Philosophy -- Truth as Consensus. A Logical Analysis -- The Lvov-Warsaw School and the Problem of a Logical Formalism for General Systems Theory -- From Closure-operatic Deductive Methodology to Non-standard Alternatives -- Forgotten and Neglected Solutions of Problems in Philosophical Logic -- Index of Names