Title | Biocatalysis [electronic resource] / edited by Daniel A. Abramowicz |
---|---|
Imprint | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer, 1990 |
Connect to | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9124-4 |
Descript | XXVIII, 400 p. 24 illus. online resource |
1 The Archeology of Enzymology -- Early Highspots -- Confession of a Peroxidase Addict -- Gastric Juice: A Hearty Brew -- What Is Catalysis? -- Anticipating an Enzyme -- Some Early Enzyme Patents -- Water-Insoluble Enzymes Can Work Too -- Chemical Modification of Enzymes -- Enzymes in Organic Solvents Can Go Either Way -- Publication Velocity: A Survival Factor -- Enzyme Specificity: An Intellectual Caldron -- Developments over Time -- An Example of Serendipity in Scientific Discovery -- Time and the Cytochromes: Termination and Resuscitation -- Effect of Temperature on Fat Unsaturation -- Conclusions -- 2 Synthesis of Polyesters by Lipase-Catalyzed Polycondensation in Organic Media -- Oligomer and Polymer Synthesis with Hydrolases -- Formation of [AA-BB]x Polyesters by Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification -- Enzymatic Synthesis of an Optically Active Polyester -- Conclusions -- 3 Regiospecific Hydroxylation of Biphenyl and Analogs by Aspergillus parasiticus -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusions -- 4 Simple Carbohydrates as Starting Materials in Organic Synthesis: A Comparison of Strategies -- Chemical Synthesis -- Immobilized Enzyme Synthesis -- Microbial Whole Cell Synthesis -- Final Results -- 5 The Production of Amino Acids by Transamination -- Mechanism of Transamination 116 Advantages and Disadvantages of Transaminases for Biocatalytic Reactions -- Driving the Reaction to Completion 120 Production of Amino Acids Using the Aspartic Transaminase from E. Coli -- Immobilization of the Transaminase -- Production of Branched-Chain l-Amino Acids -- Enzyme Production -- Conclusion -- 6 A Biocatalytic Approach to Vitamin C Production: Metabolic Pathway Engineering of Erwinia herbicola -- Historical Perspective -- Recombinant Strategy -- Development of the Recombinant Bacterial Strain -- Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Recombinant Strains -- Conclusions -- 7 Chiral Synthons by Biocatalysis -- Background of Dehalogenase Enzymes -- Dehalogenase Technology -- 8 Enzymatic Resolution of Ibuprofen in a Multiphase Membrane Reactor -- Enzyme-Substrate Screening -- Multiphase Membrane Bioreactor-Theory of Operation -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- 9 Microbial Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds: A Way to Pheromone Synthesis -- What Is a Pheromone? -- Methodology -- Chiral Alcohols or Derivatives -- Chiral Ketones -- Conclusion -- 10 Resolution of Binaphthols and Spirobiindanols Using Pancreas Extracts -- Results -- Discussion -- Experimental Section -- 11 Chiral Synthons by New Oxidoreductases and Methodologies -- What Is Meant by โNewโ Enzymes and Methodologies? -- Practical Aspects -- Regeneration of Viologens -- Hydrogenations with C. Tyrobutyricum Containing Hydrogenase and Enoate Reductase -- 2-Hydroxycarboxylate Viologen Oxidoreductase and Its Use for the Preparation of (2R)-Hydroxycarboxylates -- Dehydrogenation of (2R)-Hydroxycarboxylates from Racemic Mixtures for the Preparation of (2S)-Hydroxycarboxylates -- Preparation of Chiral Deuterated Compounds -- Reductions of Hydroxylamines -- Example of a Viologen-Dependent Pyridine Nucleotide Oxidoreductase -- Carboxylate Reduction with Clostridia and Carbon Monoxide -- 12 Enzymes from Extreme Environments -- Protein Stability -- Thermostable Enzymes -- Recombinant Thermostable Enzymes -- Future Applications -- 13 Biocatalysis in Anaerobic Extremophiles -- Acidoanaerobes -- Haloanaerobes -- Thermoanaerobes -- Alcohol Dehydrogenase -- Amylases -- Xylose (Glucose) Isomerase -- Summary -- 14 Large-Scale Bioconversion of Nitriles into Useful Amides and Acids -- Biotechnical Potential of Nitrile Metabolism -- Production of Acrylamide with Pseudomonas Chlororaphis B23 Nitrile Hydratase -- Characterization and Cofactors of Iron-Containing Nitrile Hydratase -- Occurrence of a Cobalt-Induced and Cobalt-Containing Nitrile Hydratase in Rhodococcus Rhodochorous J1 -- Production of Nicotinamide with R. Rhodochrous J1 Nitrile Hydratase -- Production of Nicotinic Acid with R. Rhodochrous J1 Nitrile -- 15 Aldolases in Organic Synthesis -- Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate Aldolase (FDP Aldolase) -- Synthesis -- Thermodynamically Controlled C-C Bond Formation -- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Aldolase (Neu5Ac Aldolase) -- 16 Two-Liquid Phase Biocatalysis: Reactor Design -- Nomenclature -- Experimental Determination of Reactor Design Parameters -- Example: Benzyl Acetate Hydrolysis by Pig Liver Esterase -- Optimal Reactor Operation -- Reactor Design and Scale-Up -- Process Design -- Conclusions -- 17 Enzymes That Do Not Work in Organic Solvents: Too Polar Substrates Give Too Tight Enzyme-Product Complexes -- Discussion