The Nation in the History of Marxian Thought [electronic resource] : The Concept of Nations with History and Nations without History / by Charles C. Herod
This study is based upon the concept of nations with history and nations without history which was advanced in 1848/1849 in the pages of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, a Cologne based German newspaper under the editorship of Karl Marx. This theory is presented in this study as a model of opposites; historic nations and non-historic nations, respecยญ tively revolutionary nations and counter-revolutionary national groups which Engels and Marx associated with the philosophy of Hegel. As Marx and Engels saw it, Hegel had taught that nature and history abounded in opposites, and this was believed to be the essence of his dialectic. Marx liked this dialectic better than anything else in Hegel's thought and modified it to fit his own economic theory of history. In reality, however, there are no categories of opposites; certainly not in nature; no two colors are opposites; nor are any two times of the day, indeed nothing temporal, nothing living, nothing that is in process of becoming. ! It is only in human understanding that opposites are introยญ duced. In the history of ideas what has been a misunderstanding of Hegel's teachings has exerted a greater influence upon subsequent generations than Hegel's philosophy as he himself understood it. With Marx's development of the materialistic concept of history, the Volksgeist (Spirit of the Age), so pronounced in Hegel's work lost ground rapidly; first, because it was difficult to understand and second, because its mastery was hardly rewarding to anyone save scholars and philosophers
CONTENT
I: Origin of the Theory of Nations with History and Nations without History -- A. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels as editors of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung -- B. Discussion of the concept of nations with history and nations without history in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung -- C. Marx and Engels attitude towards small Slavic national groups after the demise of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung -- II: Marxist Theorists on the Evolution of the Concept of Nations with History and Nations without History -- A. The reappearance in socialist literature of the concept of nations with history and nations without history at the end of the 19th century -- B. Karl Kautsky, Otto Bauer and their exchange of views -- C. Conflict within German social democratic party that brought the discussion of the concept of nations with history and nations without history to the fore in 1915 -- D. Discussion of Rosa Luxemburgโ{128}{153}s theories for the renascence of the Polish nation -- E. Comparative comments on the views of Otto Bauer and Rosa Luxemburg in their historical setting -- III: Attitude of 20th Century Marxists towards Question of the Right of National Self-Determination for Small National Groups -- A. The right of national self-determination championed by international social democracy -- IV: Conclusion
