Linguists and engineers in Natural Language Processing tend to use electronic corpora more and more. Most research has long been limited to raw (unannotated) texts or to tagged texts (annotated with parts of speech only), but these approaches suffer from a word by word perspective. A new line of research involves corpora with richer annotations such as clauses and major constituents, grammatical functions and dependency links. The first parsed corpora were the English Lancaster treebank and Penn Treebank. New ones have recently been developed for other languages. This book: provides a state of the art on work being done with parsed corpora; gathers 21 papers on building and using parsed corpora raising many relevant questions; deals with a variety of languages and a variety of corpora; is for those working in linguistics, computational linguistics, natural language, syntax, and grammar
CONTENT
1 The Penn Treebank: An Overview -- 2 Thoughts on Two Decades of Drawing Trees -- 3 Bank of English and Beyond -- 4 Completing Parsed Corpora from Correction to Evolution -- 5 Syntactic Annotation of a German Newspaper Corpus -- 6 Annotation of Error Types for a German Newsgroup Corpus -- 7 The PDT: A 3-level Annotation Scenario -- 8 An HPSG-Annotated Test Suite for Polish -- 9 Developing a Spanish Treebank -- 10 Building a Treebank for French -- 11 Building the Italian Syntactic-Semantic Treebank -- 12 Automated Creation of a Medieval Portuguese Treebank -- 13 Sinica Treebank -- 14 Building a Japanese Parsed Corpus -- 15 Building a Turkish Treebank -- 16 Encoding Syntactic Annotation -- 17 Parser Evaluation -- 18 Dependency-based Evaluation of Minipar -- 19 Extracting Stochastic Grammars from Treebanks -- 20 Stochastic Lexicalized Tree Grammars -- 21 From Treebank Resources To LFG f-Structures -- Contributing Authors
