Introduction. -- Setting the scene: constructive engagement with Iran. -- Old Europe's diplomacy: the 2004 Paris agreement. -- The arc of extremism: Ahmadinejad, the EU-3 and the Bush administration (2005-2007). -- 'Bigger sticks and bigger carrots': the 2008 proposal. -- Engagement with Iran: the Obama years (2009-2012). -- Not one iota of retreat: EU, US and Iranian nuclear diplomacy. -- Conclusion.

1. Iran -- Foreign relations
2. Nuclear weapons -- Iran