การพัฒนาโปรแกรมการศึกษานอกระบบโรงเรียนตามแนวคิดการเรียนรู้โดยใช้ปัญหาเป็นหลักและการเรียนรู้ด้วยการนำตนเองเพื่อพัฒนาสมรรถนะความรอบรู้แห่งตนสำหรับพยาบาลหัวหน้าหอผู้ป่วย / จุฬารัตน์ เพชรวิเศษ = Development of a non-formal education program based on problem - based learning and self-directed learning to develop personal mastery competency for head nurses / Chularat Petcharawises
The purposes of this study were :1) to study the problems and learning needs in nursing management in order to develop personal mastery for the head nurses ; 2) to develop a non-formal education program based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Self-Directed Learning (SDL); 3) to study the effects of the non-formal education program on the personal mastery competency of the head nurses; and 4) to analyze the relevant factors affecting the developed program.This research is the research and development design, consisting of four phases: 1) assessment of problems and learning needs of 345 head nurses in nursing management at public hospitals ; 2) development of a non-formal education program based on problems and learning needs; 3) program implementation which quasi-experimental research was applied to 62 head nurses at the Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital. The samples were divided into 2 groups, experimental and control groups, each with 31 samples respectively. The experimental group, which consisted of 31 head nurses who used the developed program, was compared to the control group, which consisted of 31 head nurses who used the classroom lectures; and 4) analysis of data obtained from interviewing the experimental group and facilitators for relevant factors such as support, problems , obstacles and solutions factors. The results of the research were as followed: 1. The problems of nursing management head nurses' developing personal mastery competency were identified in five areas: planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. The learning needs and required competency were based upon the identification of these five problem areas and recognition of personal mastery competency needed. 2. The non-formal education program, which based on problem-based learning and self-directing learning used to develop personal mastery competency for head nurses, was consisted of these eight components : objectives, learners groups, facilitators, content, learning activities - " MASTERY Process," learning resources and materials, measurement and evaluation, and environment. 3. The results showed the experimental group, who used the non-formal education program, scored significantly higher than the control group at the significance level of .05 in the four aspects of personal mastery competency, which included knowledge, attitude, problem solving skills in nursing management, and the self-directed learning competency. 4. There were relevant factors affecting the developed program. Firstly, the supportive factors, were learners' participation, facilitators' positive reinforcement and coaching, problem-based learning modules and scenarios corresponding to learners’ problems and experienced instructors, and content that matched the learning needs and the learning activities as “MASTERY Process.” Secondly, the problems and obstacle factors, were the limited learning resources such as out-of-date books and unavailability of internet service, and an environment not conducive to learning such as disruptive noise. Thirdly, the solutions to the problems and obstacle factors including availability of learning resources such as up-to-date books and internet services, and providing privacy, peaceful and relaxing environment in training rooms. Fourthly, the factors, influencing an effective learning and transferring learners' knowledge, were individual learners, training program, workplace climate, and organizational support.
