Introduction: problem identified -- Explaining and understanding theory -- Empiricism, positivism and post-positivism -- Aspects of phenomenology -- Critical theory -- Constructivism and participatory paradigms of inquiry: introducing action research -- Postmodernism and post-structuralism -- Ethnography -- Grounded theory -- Hermeneutics -- Michel Foucault -- Reliability, generalisation and reflexivity: identifying validity and trustworthiness -- Methods of data collection

1. Methodology
2. Philosophy
3. Knowledge
4. Theory of