Where learning fits into the big picture -- Procedures and phenomena we call pavlovian conditioning -- Pavlovian conditioning is an inference events -- Identifying the predictors of significant events -- Representations of knowledge in pavlovian conditioning -- From knowledge to behavior: the forms and functions of pavlovian conditioned responses -- Procedures and phenomena we call operant conditioning -- How individuals adjust their behavior to meet the demands of the situation -- Adjusting to schedules of partial reinforcement -- Life is about making choices -- Inference and the representations of knowledge in operant conditioning -- Similarities between operant conditioning and natural selection -- Social learning