การวิเคราะห์กฎหมายควบคุมความสูงอาคารเพื่อการอนุรักษ์และพัฒนาเมือง โดยวิธีจำลองภาพ ด้วยคอมพิวเตอร์ : โบสถ์ซางตาครูส / สิริสุดา บูรณะโสภณ = The analysis of building-height control regulations for the city conservation and development by computer simulation model : Santa Cruz Church / Sirisuda Buranasophon
Building laws and regulations forbid the construction of high-rise buildings, which would obstruct historical sites. This is an important tool in the protection and preservation of ancient landmarks and the environment. The objectives of this research are to study the regulations concerning and governing the obstruction of the Santa Cruz Church. The research included examining historical and legal documents concerning the church as well as the current state of the church and its surroundings. Documents provide church position, visibility of position from different directions and from positions at the river and on nearby roads. This information was then entered in a computer using the software AutoCAD R 14 and 2- and 3-dimensional images, or scenarios, were simulated in a black and white diagram in delineation with a scale of width/length: 1:1.4 and lens 28 mm. lens length. Obstructions were then analyzed by comparing visual masking value in percentae to the church image. The study revealed that the Santa Cruz Church is an ancient historical site first constructed during the Thonburi period. It's architecture reflects a Renaissance-Neo-classic design. Facing the Chao Phraya River, its highlight is a dome-shaped tower. The surrounding area is composed of a very old community established during the same period as the church. Most of the buildings are detached homes that rise just 6 meters. In addition, there is a school. The area under study is governed by three Bangkok Metropolitan laws which regulate and control building heights. Research findings showed that currently the view of the Santa Cruz Church is obstructed from five routings, or directions. These include visual masking values as follows: 22.91-91.86% from a cruising boat on the Chao Phraya river, 0-94.89% from a boat crossing the river east to west, 28.10-61.58% from Thesaban 1 Road, 86.51-100% from the riverbank and 67.08-94.39% from community streets. With a second simulation in which remaining visual and viewer variables were kept constant while building heights within the area were adjusted to meet current laws, there was found to be at least a 5% increase in masking view value in 86% of the area under study. Thus, according to criteria set by Burbeck and Kelly, if regulations on amount of obstruction are increased by approximately 5%, ther would be little, if any, change in visibility of the church. It can therefore be concluded that even with current laws and high-rise buildings that follow the regulations, views of the Santa Cruz Church will still be obstructed. Obstruction, or masking views, is thus dependent on a number of factors, including opportunity and surroundings of site to be viewed, distance between the historical site and surrounding buildings as well as the period of time and sunlight when it is viewed. In addition, obstructing building structural design, parapets, walls, fences, utilities including telephone and electricity lines and signs also come into play. Therefore, to protect the Santa Cruz Church from obstruction a number of laws must be initiated and enforced which control construction and zoning. This is especially true for the access lane running between the church and Thesaban 1 Road as well as the riverfront where building heights, their conditions, land plots and architecture must be strictly enforced. Following this study, the researcher recommends studying other methods of quality assessment as well as comparing other studies that both dispute and are compatible with the current assessments.
