การผลิตถ่านกัมมันต์จากกะลาปาล์มน้ำมันโดยการกระตุ้นด้วยพลังงานไมโครเวฟ / วราวุฒิ ประชาศิริสกุล = Production of activated carbon from palm-oil shell by activated with microwave energy / Warawut Prachasirisakul
Experimental production of activated carbon from palm oil shell using microwave energy was carried out. The first step was carbonization. The variables studied were; temperature 350-450 ํC and time 60-180 min. The optimum condition for carbonization was found to be 400 ํC, 60 min. and 30.06% yield. The characteristics of char were found to be; %volatile matter 25.22+_0.12, %ash 10.22+_0.07, %fixed carbon 63.34+_0.13, BET surface area 3.45+_0.16 m2/g, micropore area 0.3566 m2/g, and micropore volume 00.0002 cm2/g. In the second step, the reactor for activation with gas inlet and outlet was made of Pyrex tube (U-shape), diameter 32 mm., length 150 mm. and height 100 mm., mounted in microwave oven. Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, and steam were employed for activation. The variables studied were; time 30-90 min., flow of CO2 range 0.2-1.5 l./min., particle size range of 0.6-4.75 mm. and activation gases. The optimum condition for activation were found to be; the particles size range of 1.18-2.36 mm., flow rate of CO2 0.2 l./min. for 90 min. and 81.23% product yield. The activated carbon produced at the optimum condition had the following properties; iodine adsorption number 411.27+_2.81 mg./g., methylene blue adsorption number 174.94+_4.59 mg./g., apparent density 0.524+_0.03 g/cm3, pH 9.84, BET surface area 476.64 m2/g, Langmuir surface area 628.86+_2.05 m2/g, micropore surface area 365.93 m2/g, micropore volume 0.1696 cm3/g, %ash 4.28+_0.12 and %volatile matter 5.90+_0.05
