Approaches to constitutional analysis -- Model I-the model of separated and divided powers -- Federal judicial power -- Federal executive power -- Federal legislative power: congressional authority and the implications of state sovereignty -- Federalism-based limits on state and local power: regulation and taxation of commerce, federal supremacy, and problems of interstate discrimination -- Direct protection of individuals and groups: models beyond the separation and division of power -- Model II-the model of implied limitations on government: the rise and fall of contractual liberty -- Model III-the model of settled expectations: uncompensated takings and contract impairments -- Model IV:-the model of governmental regularity: ex post facto laws, bills of attainder, and procedural due process -- Model V-the model of preferred rights: liberty beyond contract -- Rights of communication and expression -- Rights of political participation -- Rights of religious autonomy -- Rights of privacy and personhood -- Model VI-the model of equal protection -- Model-VII-toward a model a structural justice? -- The Problem of state action

1. Constitutional
2. United States -- Constitutional law