Introduction : Modernism and reaction -- Cultural continuity and the policy -- Traditionalism and contemporary politics -- Traditinal behavioural patterns -- Class, status and leadership in malay society -- Social relationships and politics -- Women in politics: Change continuum? -- The traditional roles of malay women : Socialization and the status of women -- The introdcution of formal education -- The economic roles of malay women -- Avenues of influence -- The political milieu : Colonial administrative and economic policy -- The development of malay nationalism and political associations -- Associational activities during World War II -- The Malayan Union proposals and the fromation of UMNO -- The genesis of the pergerakan kaum ibu UMNO : The growth of women's associations -- The evolution of the kaum ibu -- The kaum ibu as an auxiliary : The structure of the section -- Challenges to the role of women within the party -- The members : Activities of the members -- The kaum ibu and the women's institutes -- Consolidation and growth -- The leaders : The natinal leadership: Personalities and styles -- The larger elite and elite stability -- Leadership at division level -- Leadership training -- The kaum ibu and electoral politics : The federatin and the conduct of electins -- The role of the kaum ibu during electins -- Women in elected government -- Parliamentary appointments -- The kaum ibu as a woment's lobby : The machinery -- The nature of the resolutions -- Women's issues-the kaum ibu and two major moves for reform -- Summary and conclusion

1. Woman in politics -- Malaysia