PartI preliminary considerations concerning cooperative systems--introduction--the individual and organization--physical and biological limitations in cooperative systems--psychological and social factors in systems of cooperation--the principles of cooperative action--PartII the theory and structure of formal organizations--the definition of formal organization--the theory of formal organization--the structure of complex formal organizations--informal organizations and their relation to formal organizations--PartIII the elements of formal organizations--the bases and kinds of specializizations--the economy of incentives--the theory of authority--the environment of decision--the theory of opportunism--PartIV the functions of organizations in cooperative systems--the executive functions--the executive process--the nature of executive responsibility--conclusion