การระงับข้อพิพาทว่าด้วยมาตรการทางการค้าที่เกี่ยวข้องกับสิ่งแวดล้อม ซึ่งเกิดขึ้นจากความตกลงภายใต้องค์การการค้าโลกและความตกลงพหุภาคีด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมเฉพาะในกรณีที่คู่พิพาทเป็นภาคีความตกลงทั้งสองประเภท / ธนรัตน์ อิภิชาติ = Dispute settlement on trade related environment measures arising out of agreements under the World Trade Organization (WTO) and under multilateral environmental agreement (MEAs) in cases whereby the parties to the disputes are parties to both kinds of agreements / Thanarat Ipichat
This thesis focuses on conflict of norms between World Trade Organization (WTO) and Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs)’ s provisions. To be concise, dispute settlement between two parties are both kinds of agreements. Founded on the concept of free trade (Liberalism), WTO set provision toward free trade such as, Non – Discrimination, MFN, NT. However, WTO acknowledged the idea of sustainable development, so WTO makes some exception provisions about environmental measures in Article 20 (b) and Article 20 (g). Founded on concept of Conservatism, MEAs permit members to set trade measures, accepting of Precautionary Principle, to achieve their own objectives. The different of both concepts have risk to the trade related environmental dispute, in which WTO’s framework permit only Covered Agreement according to DSU. The findings indicate that free trade provisions of WTO and MEAs’ s provisions have tendency to conflict in wide concepts. Although, the past decisions of Panels and Appellate body showed tendency toward more flexibility and consistency, strictly interpretation of the chapeau of Article 20, but it is not sufficient to make consistence between WTO and MEAs. So WTO should seek international organization cooperation and revision of Article 20 in accordance to environmental measures related to pollution and climate change. Meanwhile, dispute between both kind of agreements should employ Article 31.3 of VCLT. In addition, a few changes in DSU’s provisions in case of dispute parties are parties of both agreements.
