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346 ECONOMIC INQUIRIES AND STUDIES
and so on. But the main exchanges of any country are,
and must be as a rule, at home, and the foreign trade,
however important, will always remain within limits,
and bearing some proportion to the total exchanges of
the country. Hence, when additions to the population,
and how they are to live are considered, the answer is
that the additions will fill up proportionately the frame-
work of the various industries already in existence, or
the ever-changing new indu~tries for home consump-
tion which are always starting into being. These are
the primary outlets for new population even in old
countries like the United Kingdom and Germany. Of
course active traders and manufacturers, each in his
own way, are not to take things for granted. They must
strive to spread their activities over foreign as well as
over home markets. But looking at the matter from the
outside, and scientifically, it is the home and not the
foreign market which is always the most important.
The same may be said of a country in a somewhat
different economic condition from England and Ger-
many, viz., the United States. I can only refer to it,
however, in passing, as the facts here are not so clearly
on the surface. Contrary to England and Germany,
which have no food resources and resources of raw
material capable of indefinite expansion, the United
States is still to a large extent a virgin country. Its
increasing population is therefore provided for in a
different way for the most part from the increase in
England and Germany. But even in the United States
it has been noticeable at each of the last census returns
that the increasing population finds an outlet more and
more largely, not in agriculture and the extraction of
raw materials, but in the miscellaneous pursuits of in-
dustry and manufacture. The town population increases
disproportionately. In the last census especially it
was found that the overflow of population over the far
Western States seemed to have been checked, the in-
crease of population being mainly in the older States
and the towns and cities of the older States. The