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3 I 2 ECONOMIC INQUIRIES AND STUDIES

be set against the actual increase of debt during the
last few years.
2. The Civil Service expenditure of a miscellane6us
kind accounts for very little of the large growth of ex-
penditure with which we have been dealing (Table
IV.). The Financial Abstract now shows in a line the
whole of the expenditure for civil government, includ-
ing the Civil Service estimates and the charges on the
Consolidated Fund, apart frpm the debt charge, but
excluding the charges for the collection of revenue and
'for the Post Office. The figure of this expenditure last
year was £24,854,000, and if we carry it back, we find
that the corresponding figure in 1861 was £9,659,000.
This is a considerable increase, nearly £, I 5,000,000,
but on further analysis we find that the increase in the
education charge alone was from £'1,097,000 to
£ I 2,662,000, or nearly 12 million £ of the total, and
that the miscellaneous Civil Service expenditure-the
general charge for the civil government of the country
-has only increased from £,6,266,000 to £'10,623,000,
or, including Consolidated Fund charges, from
£8,562,000 to £12,192,000, or about 31 million £,.
This is again subject to the observation above made
as to services transferred to local authorities, and to
some doubts as to the manipulation of the estimates,
by which the expenditure is partly concealed i but,
making all allowance for such observations, the facts
appear to show that a common impression as to the
formidable growth of Civil Service expenditure, on
which about fifteen years ago Lord Randolph Churchill
thought he could save 10 million £, is hardly well
founded. Lord Randolph Churchill, in fact, sacrificed
his career for a pure blunder.
3. The growth of education expenditure in particular,
to which attention has been drawn, is an undoubted
makeweight in the present position.
4. The charge for collection of the revenue, apart
from the Post Office, like the Civil Service expenditure
generally, has remained comparatively stationary, being