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224 ECONOMIC INQUIRIES AND STUDIES
the imports and exports to £1.375.000,000, not to
mention other particulars of an economic nature. The
increase since 1871 also amounts to £115.143,000 for
revenue, or more than 40 per cent. of the present
total, while the increase in imports and exports amounts
to £428,000,000. or about one-third of the present
total. The latter increase is perhaps greater in appear-
ance than it really is, as aU the figures are not reduced
to a gold valuation, those fot India for instance being
in tens of rupees; but it has also to be considered that
the gold valuation itself, owing to the increase in the
purchasing power of gold since 1871, prevents the real
growth of almost any economic factor being fairly
shown by values only. The import and export figures
are also subject to the observation that the trade of
each part of the Empire is largely with other parts of
the Empire. so that for some purposes they ought not
to be added together. I refer here especially to Aus-
tralasia. where the totals would be less if the inter-
colonial trade were to be omitted. But this observa-
tion does not affect our present comparisons. The
revenue of the self-governing English portions of the
Empire also amounts to£ 1 45.000.000. having increased
£60,000.000 since 1871. and the imports and exports
of the same portions to £1,036.000.000. having in-
creased £247.000,000 since 187 I. The revenue of the
states of subject -races also amounts to £112,000,000,
having increased £55.000,000 since 1871, and the im-
ports and exports to £338.000,000, having increased
£181.000,000 since 1871. What has been said above
as to the difference between nominal and real increase
applies, however, specially to this separation between
the self-governing parts of the Empire and the other
portions. The increase in the non-self-governing por-
tions of the Empire would be less by comparison if
the gold valuation were uniformly followed.
Such is a very summary account of the tables which
- thus bring out the proportion of the British race in