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158 ECONOMIC INQUIRIES AND STUDIES
pression compared with 1891, but also in part, accord-
ing to the explanation in the Year Book, because in
the census every individual blacksmith, or carpenter,
or harness maker is put down as engaged in manufac-
ture. The factory population, however, is all included
in the above figures, which show quite plainly that
Victoria, being a new country with a Protectionist
tariff, has not acquired the variety of manufacturing
industry which the tariff, according to the academic
arguments for Protection, was designed to give it.
New South Wal~s has not been steadily a Protec-
tionist country, and is not now Protectionist; but, as
far as manufactures are concerned, it is in much the
same economic condition as we should expect it to be
if the thesis here supported is true. According to Mr.
Coghlan's book on "The Wealth and Progress of New
South Wales" (p. 539), the hands employed in factories
in 1894 numbered 42,751, out of a total population
much the same as that of Victoria, viz., about 1,200,000.
The composition was also much the same, Mr. Cogh-
lan's analysis being as follows (p. 54 I):

Numbers
employed.
Treating raw material, the production of pastoral
pursuits . • . . . . • . . . 4,020
Preparing materials used as food or drink 7,254
Clothing and textile industries. . 5,394
Manufacture of building materials 6,176
Metal and machinery works 7,373
Shipbuilding and repairing, etc. . 1,5 0 5
Furniture and bedding works . . . • 794
Paper printing, binding, and engraving . 4,284
Vehicles, harness, and saddlery 1,548
Light and heat • 1,683
Miscellaneous • • . . •
Total • 42,751

Thus the Free Trade country, being in like economic
conditions, has much the same factory manufactures as
the so-called Protectionist country. And in neither