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442                     INDEX
                  FOREIGN  investments,  income   GERMANY  and  its· disposition to
                    from,  and  its  relation  to  im-  colonize  in  relation  ~ the
                    ports, ii. 4 II.           British Empire, ii.  236.
                  -- trade  of countries as a  test  -- gains  of, from  the  Franco-
                    of their prosperity, ii. 69.   <1erman  War  of  J 870-7 I,  i.
                  -- --. of the  United  King-  4 1,7 2•
                    dom  only a  small  portion  of  -- gold  currency  established
                    total  trade  of  the  country,  i.   with  proceeds  of the Franco-
                    IIO.                       German War of 1870-71, i. 48.
                  FRANCE and her colonies in  re-  -- gold currency, influences of,
                    lation  to  the  British  Empire,   i.  94-
                    ii. 235.                  Glads/one's,  Mr.,  work  in  Fin-
                  -- Franco-German War of I 870-  a'IKt [1869J, i. 229-252.
                    7 I, cost of, i.  I.        Importance of finance  to any poli-
                  -    land tax in, and the Cadas-  Ileal  leader;  secondary place  of
                    tre,  i. 269.                 finance  in  this  country  since
                  -- loss  of;  from  the  Franco~   1842, 229-230.
                                                Great  increase  in  taxable  income
                    German War, i.  72.           of the nation;  alarming financial
                  -- recovery of, after the Franco-  condition  01  country  prior  to
                    Gennan War, i. 49'            1842, 23 1-232•
                  -- treaty  of  1860  and  Free   Reduction  of pressure  of taxation
                    Trade  on  the  Continent,  i.   on the masses.  Taxation reduced
                                                  by seven  million £  in  1842-S2,
                    242 •                         and  by  thirteen  million  £  in
                  FREE  breakfast  table,  feasibility   1853-66,  notwithstanding  in-
                    of, i.  252.                  creased eXfeoditure,233-23S.
                  FREE Trade, influence of, on im-  Abolition  0  export  and  import
                                                  duties  due  to  Sir  Robert  PeeL
                    proved  communications  and   Mr.  Gladstone'. later reductions
                    cheapened production, ii.  184.   of taxation  more  difficult,  236-
                  -- -- on the Continent and      237·
                    the  French  Treaty  of i 860, i.   Opposition to the income  tall  and
                                                  to its inequalities, 238-240.
                    242 •                       Increase  of  expenditure  between
                  -- -- and  Protection  to       18S3 and  1860 greater lhan rate
                    manufactures  considered,  ii.   of increase of wealth of country,
                    161.                          24 1•
                                                French Treaty of 1860 the inaugu-
                  -- -- and  Protection  in       ration of Free Trade on the Con-
                    New South Wales and Victoria,   tinent, 242.
                    i·345·                      Reduction  of  income  Iall  due  to
                                                  keeping down expenditure, 243.
                  _. -  -- successes and Protec-  Failure of his  plan  for laxation '01
                    tionist victories, ii. 178.   charities, 244-
                  FRE~GHTS, Mr. Bourne's estimate   Mr. Gladstone's oratorical powers,
                    of earnings for,  i.  320.    his efforts to check expenditure.
                  -'- earnings of British shipping   and beliefin power offree trade.
                                                  His  efforts  for multiplication  01
                    for, i. 318; ii.  417.        means of employment by rem&val
                  -   shipping, and  the excess of   of artificial  restrictions, and  fQf
                    imports, ii.  286.            improve~ent of working c:lasses.
                                                  244-246.
                                                }.Ir.  Gladstone's  budget  o(  1853.
                  GENERAL  statistical' ideas,  im-  Failure of plan {or coo\'e15ion of
                    portance of, ii. 337.         debt, 247.
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