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WEALTH OF IMPIR.E, AND HOW IT SHOULD BE USED 377
compared with the vast ~ums for food, raiment, shelter,
and other purposes. This would hardly be the place to
discuss what is meant by religion, and whether any
special expenditure for .. church" is quite the same
thing as expenditure to advance or practice" religion."
Weare on common and surer ground, I believe, re-
specting education, on which apparently about 30
million £ is the expenditure; that is Jess than 2 per
cent. of the great income with which we have been
dealing. Is such an expenditure quite creditable to a
wealthy community, especially when it is considered
that, apart from primary education, which is no more
than the foundation and beginning of the real education
of the community, the sums appropriated are quite in-
significant? When we extend our view to the empire
as a whole. the question becomes more urgent. Con-
siderable sums are spent in the self-governing colonies
on primary education of a kind, but the means for
secondary and university education are small by com-
parison. When we come to India, the situation is still
more appaUing. Beyond a sum of about 2 million £
appearing in the Indian budget for education, Govern-
ment does nothing for elevating and training the 300
millions under its care, and it is quite impossible that
the poor people of India can spare much for private
expenditure.
What, then, should be the measure of national and
imperial expenditure on education, including in the
latter the scientific training of a higher kind and the
laboratory investigations of which your President has
shown the necessity? One is almost prevented from
sugO'esting large sums at once, for no other reason than
the I:>absence of adequate numbers of trained teachers
and investigators, which is due to our past neglect;
but as soon as possible, I have no hesitation in saying,
the country should be spending 100 millions where it
now spends 30, or about 5 per cent. of an aggregate
income which is likely to exceed before long the total
of 2,000 millions, a total, as we have seen, already ex-