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230 ECONOMIC INQUIRIES AND STUDIES
Transvaal. But, making all deductions, large figures
would still be left. Economically, also, the Orange
Free State and the Transvaal are a part of South
Africa, developed largely by British capital and enter-
prise, and British settlers. We shol,lld get still larger
figures of revenue and of imports and exports if we
were to include them, and not much larger figures of
population. This great advance of South Africa is one
of the main features which are shown by the general
comparison we have been making. .
2. The remarkable growth of India. The figures
here comprise the whole population of India, including
the native states, as to all intents and purposes they
form part of the Empire. The magnitude of the in-
crease of population will not fail to strike the most
inattentive. There are now more than 300,000,000 of
people for whose government we are responsible in
India; and of these, 73,000,000 have been added,
mainly by the ordinary growth of population, since
187 I. One is almost staggered by such figures, es-
pecially when it is remembered that the resources
hardly grow in proportion, and that there are many
millions in this vast multitude in a state of the ex-
tremest poverty.
At first sight the figures of the growth of revenue
and growth of imports and exports in India appear to
signify a growth of resources in much larger propor-
tion than population; but unfortunately this conclusion
cannot be" accepted, owing to the explanation already
given as to the figures not being reduced to a gold
valuation. Were the gold valuation applied to the later
years the apparent increase both of revenue and of
imports and exports would be less than it is. What
better figure could be substituted it is not so easy to
say. The increase in other parts of the Empire may
be less than would have been the case if they had not
had the gold valuation. Without going into such nice-
ties, it may be sufficient to note t~at the apparent'
growth in the revenue, and in the imports and exports