Page 158 - clra62_0019-(GIPE)

I SO ECONOMIC INQUIRIES AND STUDIES
by the nature of things, a natural variety of occupation
everywhere. Greater variety may be desirable if a
country is to be among the most advanced, but it is not
true that there may not be great variety without.
The next point is, that in the nature of things there
are many manufactures in every country which are
either not factory manufactures or are necessarily local.
Among the former are the local blacksmith, wheel-
wright, and saddler, and many more, where even if there
is much in proportion that can be imported from abroad
there is necessarily a good deal that is always local,
because repairs are incessant, and for repairing shops
must be at hand. Among the latter are the factories
required in newspaper printing for instance, for a news-
paper is necessarily local; in the making and planning
of windows, floor cloth, carpets, curtains, and other
articles in connection with building and furnishing; in
the manufacture of mineral waters which are costly to
transport; in saw mills in a district with natural timber;
to which must now be added refrigerating machinery,
where the exports consist in part of chilled or frozen
meat, or butter and cheese. Consequently there is not
only variety of industry even in an agricultural coun-
try, but there are natural manufactures also which it
cannot be without. The only manufactures which are
in question, therefore, when we speak of protective im-
port duties to sei: them up, are manufactures of a certain
kind, the leading manufactures of the world, which,
owing to the great production and other causes, need
not be local in their character; and these manufactures,
it is clear, can only be a small part of the industry of
any country where they are for the home market
alone.
My next remark is that we may derive from the ex-
pf!ri_<:!nce of England itself, a manufacturing country
par excellence, a clear indication that the manufactures
which are not in the nature of the case local, and which
are to be brought into existence by protective duties,
must be very small, at best, in a new country. The