Page 363 - clra62_0019-(GIPE)

THE IMPORlANCE OF GENERAL STATISTICAL IDEAS 355
continental ~ount.ries, and Australasia certainly has had
heavy declines In the rate of excess of births over
de~ths~ viz., from 25.17 in. 1861-65, tc;> 1~ in 1896-99,
whl~h IS to be compared With the decline In the United
States, as above stated approximately, from 28 in
1820-3°, and 21 as late as 1860, to 13 in the last
twenty years.
A similar table for England only gives the following
results: •

Birln.Rall and Dealn.Rall and Rale of Excess of Births OfJe, Dealhs
in England for unaermelllionea Yea,s.

Birth-Rate per Death-Rate per Excess of Birth-Rate
l,ooa. I,ooa. oYer Death-Rare_
18 5 1 34. 2 22.0 12.2
'71 . 34. 6 21.6 13.0
'61
'81 . . . 35. 0 18·9 12·4
22.6
33·9
15.0
'91 3 1.4 20.2 11.2
'99 29·3 18·3 11.0
NOII.-Highest birth-rate in 1876,36,3.

Here the birth-rates, to begin with, are not so high
as in Australasia, and, presumably, in the United
States, and the excess of births over deaths, though it
has declined a good deal since 1871-81, when it was
highest, has been by comparison fairly well main-
tained. being still I I per 1,000, as compared with 12.2
in 1851.
We have thus on one side a manifest declinein.the
rate of growth of population in three large groups of
population, coupled With a large decline of birth-rates in
England and Australasia where the facts are known.
and a smaller decline in the rate of tlte excess of births
over deaths, this decline in England as J"et being com·
paratively small. Such facts cannot but excite inquiry,
and it is an excellent result of the use of continuous