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RECENT RATE OF MATERIAL PROGRESS IN ENGLAND 139
to confirm this observation as to the special growth
of miscellaneous industries, but the discussion of the
figures would require more preparation than I have
had time for, and perhaps more space than can well be
spared.
As to the growth of incorporeal functions, which is
another fact significant of the supposed change in the
direction of the employments of the people, I propose
to appeal to the testimony of the census figures. I need
refer on this head only to the paper read some time
ago to the Statistical Society by Mr. Booth. Among
those classes of population whose numbers in England
and Wales in the last ten years have shown a dispro-
portionate growth are the following:

~umbers and PeT(enlage of Selfsupporling Populalion employtd.

Numbers. Percentage.
1871. 1881. 1871. 1881.
I
Transport . . . 524,000 654,000 4·9 5.6
Commercial Class. 119,000' 225,000 1.1 1·9
Art and Amusement . 38,000 47,000 0·3 0·4
Literature and Science 7,000 9,000 - 0.1
Education 135,000 183,000 1·3 1.6
Indefinite 124,000 269,000 1.2 2·3
Total. . .\ 947,000 1,387,000 8.8 11·9

Following the indication of these figures, whatever
qualification they may be subject to, we are apparently
justified in saying that an increasing part of the popula-
tion has been lately applied to the creation of incor-
poreal products. Their employment is industrial all
the same. The products are consumed as they are
produced, but the production is none the less real. If
a nation chooses to produce more largely in this form
as it becomes more prosperous, so that there is less
development than was formerly the case in what were