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ON INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL COMPAR.ISONS 77
knows, for instance, how intrinsically difficult it is to
prove statistically the greater prosperity of one country
than another when the differences between them are not
very great, it is not difficult to estimate at its due
weight any argument in which the difficulties are ignored
and statistics are dealt with by short cuts when they
seem to support the side on which the arguer has ranged
himself. If we help by this discussion to strengthen the
wholesome attitude of doubt, and to discredit the short
cuts ~f the amateur partisan, the discussion, it may be
hoped, will not have been wholly in vain.

TABLE A.-To/al Population, and Total Male Population above age
of twenty, in lhe Undermentioned Countries (according 10 llu
la/esl information available).

United
France. Germany.
Kingdom.
(Census, 1886.) (Census, 188 S. ) (Census, 188r.)
Total Population 37,93°,759 4 0,855,7 0 4 34,884,848
Total Male Population 18,9 00,3 12 22,933,664 16,972,654
Total Male Population
above age twenty . 1I,838,363 12,435.796 8,898.5 2 9
Total Male Population
between twenty and
forty . . . . 5,37 6 ,254 6.577.3 8 3 4,838.5 85
.
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