An Aging Humankind: New Realities -- Menopause -- Does Menopause Increase the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease? -- Chronic Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis in Normal Adult Humans: Pathophysiology and Consequences -- The Menopause, Sex Hormones, and Rheumatic Disease -- Estrogen-Progestrogen Action -- Novel Mechanisms of Estrogen Action -- The Action of Ovarian Steroid Hormones on Tissues and Organs -- Nongenomic Mechanisms of Sex Hormones -- Action of Specific Estrogens on Vascular Cells -- Direct Actions of Estrogen on Vascular Cells Ameliorates Response to Injury -- Newer Progestogens -- Cardiovascular Risk -- Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors Related to Thrombosis -- Estrogen Effect upon Coronary Vasculature -- Estrogen and Endothelial Function -- Action of Specific Estrogens on the Coronary Artery: Effects on Lipoproteins, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis -- Coronary Heart Disease in Women: Status 1998 -- Osteoporosis -- to Osteoporosis -- Genetics of Osteoporosis -- The Clinical Management of Osteoporosis -- Central Nervous System -- Menopause and Psychopharmacology: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment -- The Brain: Target and Source for Sex Steroid Hormones -- The Role of Estrogen in Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease -- Role of Estrogens in Dementing Illnesses: Hypotheses on the Biological Rationale -- Hormone Replacement Therapy -- Women's Health and Menopause Epidemiology: The USA Experience -- Doses, Duration, and Starting Age for HRT Treatment: The American Viewpoint -- Estrogen Complexes Contained in Conjugated Equine Estrogens (CEE): An Overview of Their Structure and Possible Effects on Target Tissue -- Once a Week Transdermal Estrogenโ{128}{148}Quality of Life Improvement in Long-Term Replacement Therapy: Newest Findings -- Estrogen-Androgen Hormone Replacement Therapy -- Management of the Late Menopause: Ultra Low-Dose Adjustive Estrogen Therapy -- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) Drugs for the Prevention of Osteoporosis -- A Rationale for Hormone Replacement Therapy in Organ Transplant Patients -- Management of Ambivalence Towards Hormone Replacement Therapy -- Oncology -- Breast and Female Genital Tract Neoplasms in Overweight Women -- Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Gynecological Malignancies -- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk in High-Risk Subgroups -- Breast Cancer and HRT: Collaborative Reanalysis of Data -- A Summary of the Evidence Relating Postmenopausal Hormone Use and Large Bowel Cancer Risk -- Menopausein Italy: Epidemilogical Studies and Medical Perception -- Aims, Methods, and Results of the Progetto Menopausa Italia -- Frequency of Cardiovascular Risks Factor in Women Attending Menopause Clinics: Findings from the ICARUS Data Base -- Determinants of Age at Menopause and Symptomatological Profile in Italian Women Attending Menopause Clinics in Italy -- Osteoporosis Risk Profile for Peri- and Postmenopausal Women Attending Menopause Clinics in Italy -- Menopause: What Is the Role of the General Practitioner? -- Bioethics, Menopause, and Aging: A View from the Italian Menopause Society