The Reaction of the international community to atrocities -- Fundamentals of internatioal criminal law -- Substantive criminal law: War crimes -- Crimes against humanity -- Genocide -- Other international crimes (aggression, torture, and terrorism) -- Mens rea -- Perpretration and other modalities of criminal conduct -- Criminal liability for omissions -- Multiplicity of offences -- Circumstances excluding criminal liability: justifications and excuses -- Other excuses: superior order, necessity, duress, and mistake -- Immunities -- prosecution and punishment by national courts: Legal grounds of jurisdiction -- The Impact of international law on national legislation -- Legal impediments to the exercise of national jurisdiction -- Prosecution and punishment by international courts: The Establishment of international criminal tribunals -- International versus national jurisdiction -- The Adoption of the fundamental features of the adversarial system at the international level -- The General principles governing international criminal trials -- States of international proceedings in outline -- The Outlook for international criminal justice