การนำเสนอรูปแบบการใช้สื่อการศึกษานอกสถานที่ เพื่อการเรียนการสอนสิ่งแวดล้อมศึกษา ในโรงเรียนประถมศึกษา / อาริยา สุขโต = A proposed model for the utilization of educational fieldtrip for environmental education instruction in elementary schools / Ariya Sukato
The purposes of this study were to obtain expert's opinions regarding the utilization of educational fieldtrip for environmental education and to propose a model for the utilization of educational fieldtrip for environmental education in elementary schools. The samples were 20 experts in environmental education and teachers in elementary schools who specialized in environmental education selected by snow ball technique. The methodology used to generate group consensus was the three rounds of Delphi Technique. The research instrument consisted of three questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by median and interquartile range. The results revealed that : 1. The 135 items of group consensus from 136 items were considered a model for the utilization of educational fieldtrip for environmental education instruction. 2. The model comprised of eight steps : 2.1 Determine content and state objectives : Determine the appropriate content, and fieldtrip objectives should be stated in 3 domains, cognitive, affective, and psychomotor, with emphasis on affective domain. 2.2 Prepare location : Select the appropriate and suitable location for learners, learning experiences, subject content, safety ; study in the nearby community using the qualified and sufficient local wisdom and resource persons. 2.3 Prepare instructor : Instructor should survey location, provide effective use of facilities, set safety standard, motivate learners through variety use of media, and provide necessary materials and equipment for each fieldtrip. 2.4 Prepare learner : learners should be in normal physical health, inform learners' time and schedule, provide knowledge and train learners the required fieldtrip skills. 2.5 Conduct activities : Activities should be learner-centered and practical for the learner ; promote self-study skills. 2.6 Summarize fieldtrip outcome : learners should be able to generalize and infer their experiences through learner-instructor discussion and media ; encourage free response. 2.7 Conduct follow-up activities: integrate fieldtrip experiences into other subjects ; conduct continuous activities in school and community. 2.8 Evaluate fieldtrip : assess learners' learning achievement against three domains of objective